Abstract: A built-up camshaft with a shaft body, on which separately produced cams are fixed, is described. In order to achieve that the individual cams can be made with the greatest accuracy and also with concave circumferential areas or running surfaces, and at the same time the shaft body can be balanced in a manner which is optimal from the viewpoint of vibration, a shaft body is provided, which is produced by casting, forging or the like. Except for the cams, all functional elements, such as sprocket mountings, axial bearings and position transmitters, can be formed in one piece on the shaft body during its manufacture.

Abstract: A casting pattern and process for producing a hollow casting. The casting pattern has a foamed material body and can be constructed to prevent seams or fins from forming at points which are accessible only with difficulty, such as inside points. The contour of the foamed material body is covered on one side with a refractory mold part which is to be molded into the produced casting to form a corresponding part of the contour of the produced casting.

Abstract: A cast-iron element with a non-iron interior area utilizes a molding core formed of a glass material, which may be tubular or solid and may, as desired, be entirely enclosed within the casting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting a cast-iron element with a non-iron interior area utilizes a molding core formed of a glass material, which may be tubular or solid and may, as desired, be entirely enclosed within the casting.