Abstract: A method and system for controlling neural activity in the brain, including performing a source localization procedure and a neurostimulation procedure, and using the former as a monitor to provide for feedback control of the latter.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling neural activity in the brain, including performing a source localization procedure and a neurostimulation procedure, and using the former as a monitor to provide for feedback control of the latter.

Abstract: Method for transcranial neurostimulation. A target of neurons for transcranial stimulation or modulation is located within an impedance model of the brain, a model of a selected device to be used for producing an electric or magnetic field outside the brain is obtained and used, along with the impedance model, to compute respective virtual target stimulating current vectors representing target stimulating currents that would result from using the device in two distinct trial dispositions of the device, an image of the cortical surface at the target is obtained and used to compute a target normal vector, and a determination is made of which of the two virtual target stimulating current vectors has a greater component projecting at predetermined angles from the target normal vector.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling neural activity in the brain, including performing a source localization procedure and a neurostimulation procedure, and using the former as a monitor to provide for feedback control of the latter.

Abstract: Methods for use of EIT. Disclosed are: (1) EIT used to obtain a final solution to an EIT inverse problem for localizing tissues undergoing changes in impedance, which is used as a constraint on solving an EEG source localization inverse problem; (2) EIT used with MREIT, where the MREIT is used to constrain the solutions to the EIT inverse problem for the distribution of static tissue impedance; (3) EIT used with MREIT, where the MREIT is used to constrain the solutions to the EIT inverse problem for localizing tissues undergoing changes in impedance; and (4) EIT according to any of (1)-(3) as feedback for modifying at least one of the location, magnitude, and timing of currents injected for the purpose of neurostimulation.

Abstract: A method for separating signal sources by use of physically unique dictionary elements. The method is particularly advantageous for separating cerebral from artifactual sources in electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, making use of dictionary element pattern recognition methods that are tuned to the unique physical properties of each source domain.

Abstract: Methods for use of EIT. Disclosed are: (1) EIT used to obtain a final solution to an EIT inverse problem for localizing tissues undergoing changes in impedance, which is used as a constraint on solving an EEG source localization inverse problem; (2) EIT used with MREIT, where the MREIT is used to constrain the solutions to the EIT inverse problem for the distribution of static tissue impedance; (3) EIT used with MREIT, where the MREIT is used to constrain the solutions to the EIT inverse problem for localizing tissues undergoing changes in impedance; and (4) EIT according to any of (1)-(3) as feedback for modifying at least one of the location, magnitude, and timing of currents injected for the purpose of neurostimulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing noise in brain signal measurements. The method provides an array of sensors providing for spatial oversampling, and multiple samplings over time to produce measurement data. The measurement data have a variance common to the sensors, and a remaining variance that can be safely assumed to be sensor or channel specific noise and that is accounted for by a suitable modification of the measurement data. The apparatus provides clusters of the sensors positioned in correspondence to the vertices of substantially equilateral triangles that are defined by tensile elements connecting the clusters.

Abstract: A method for neural current imaging. Electromagnetic fields produced unknown distribution of unknown sources in the body is sensed at a plurality of remote locations. The inverse problem is solved to produce a first fuzzy “image” of the sources. In addition, a standard imaging method, such as MRI, is used to independently image the body, to obtain a second fuzzy image of the sources. Additional independently obtained fuzzy images may also be provided. All or a selected subset of the images are pooled as components to form an enhanced image with greater resolution or clarity than the component images.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the location of objects arranged on a convex surface. A plurality of cameras is arranged in a stationary array about the surface, and is used to capture images of the objects. A parameterized model of the surface is developed using optimization techniques, and then the locations of the objects are established by triangulation. The method is applied to location of electrophysiological sensors on the head, for purposes of electroencephalographic source analysis, or for registration with other imaging modalities such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

Abstract: A method and composition for probing the body through the skin. In one embodiment of the invention, the method includes providing a medium for interfacing with the skin, applying the medium to the skin at a selected location, and coupling at least two of (a) an electric signal, (b) an acoustic signal, and (c) an optical signal through the skin and through the medium at the selected location.

Abstract: A method for localizing electrical activity in the body. A plurality of electrical devices apply a predetermined current (or voltage) to the surface of the body, and sense voltage (or current). The same electrical devices employed to sense voltage (or current) from sources of electrical activity within the body are also employed to sense voltage (or current) that results from the application of current (or voltage) by the other electrical devices. The voltages (or currents) sensed are used to characterize impedance within the body as well as to localize sources of the electrical activity. Magnetic resonance imaging may be used in conjunction with voltages or currents applied to the surface of the body to develop a conductivity model for underlying body tissue. Conductivity models obtained according to the invention may also be used with source localization for stimulating internal body tissue at a precise location.

Abstract: A method for mapping internal body tissue. The method preferably includes determining the spatial distribution of bone tissue of a patient that shields target soft tissue, the structure of which it is desired to determine and monitor, and subjecting the patient to changing electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields adapted for interacting with the target soft tissue as a function of the spatial distribution of the soft tissue. Electric, magnetic or electromagnetic energy that is transmitted through the bone and the soft tissue is analyzed to infer the spatial distribution of the soft tissue with the assistance of knowledge of the spatial distribution of the bone tissue.

Abstract: A method for localizing electrical activity in the body. A plurality of electrical devices apply a predetermined current (or voltage) to the surface of the body, and sense voltage (or current). The same electrical devices employed to sense voltage (or current) from sources of electrical activity within the body are also employed to sense voltage (or current) that results from the application of current (or voltage) by the other electrical devices. The voltages (or currents) sensed are used to characterize impedance within the body as well as to localize sources of the electrical activity.

Abstract: A device for holding a measurement sensor perpendicular to the human head in which the sensor, such as a sponge EEG electrode, is incorporated within a pedestal tube (14) attached to a perpendicular pedestal collar (15) which is in turn attached to and positioned by a holding device, such as a the sensor positioning tension network (16) of my related invention, or an elastic cap. The distance of the pedestal collar, and thus the holding device, from the head can be adjusted, such as with a lock ring (17), such that only the foot of the sensor pedestal (18) enters the hair. The flared shape of the foot of the sensor pedestal acts to part and lift the hair during application, allowing the sensor pedestal tube, and in this embodiment the sponge of the EEG electrode (13), to rest directly on the scalp.

Abstract: A method for positioning measurement sensors on the human head in which the surface of the head is partitioned into geodesic triangles by elastic lines connecting the sensors in a mutually-balanced tension network. The number of regularly-spaced sensor positions is selected by varying the number of geodesic partitions of the basic triangles of the icosohedron (10) or dodecohedron that form the initial solid polygonal partitioning of a sphere. The hemispherical structure of the network may be anchored at the perimeter by a headband (11). As the network is applied to a person's head, its balanced tension lines systematically conform its geodesic structure and thus the sensor positions, to achieve an even surface distribution of the sensors for that person's unique head geometry.