Abstract: An improved immersible oxygen probe for molten metals has a gas permeable body including an immersion end and a support end adapted for being supported by a lance. An oxygen cell and a thermocouple are supported in the immersion end of the body. An unobstructed gas flow passageway is provided through the gas permeable bodies and through the probe body from the immersion end to the support/connector end whereby gases released from the molten metal and sensor body during immersion readily pass through the probe and can escape from within the probe. Thus rapid analysis of the molten metal with improved accuracy within a few seconds after immersion is achieved. The probe contains a sample mold at least partially positioned in an unconfined portion of the permeable body.

Abstract: An expendable immersion device for sensing characteristics of molten metal has a contact block and a receptacle tube. The contact block is slidingly disposed at least partially within a distal end of the receptacle tube. The expendable immersion devices includes a sensing element and a heat resistant tube. A distal end of the heat resistant tube is mounted to the sensing element. The sensing element extends partially into the interior of the heat resistant tube. A proximal end of the heat resistant tube is mounted over a distal end of the receptacle tube. A spring element is positioned over a proximal end of the contact block and abuts against the receptacle tube such that a force between the contact block and the sensing element is reduced when the heat resistant tube and sensing element are connected to the distal end of the contact block during assembly.

Abstract: A probe for measuring particulates in molten metal includes an inner metal receiving chamber, with an orifice to permit metal to flow into the chamber. A first electrode extends into the chamber and a second electrode surrounds at least a portion of the chamber. The electrodes are connected to a measurement device for measuring changes in the electrical potential produced by the passage of particulates entrained in the molten metal passing through the orifice. An outer sheath of heat resistant material surrounds the second electrode and a gas passageway extends out of the inner tube for creating a pressure differential within the chamber for facilitating the flow of molten metal through the orifice. A liquidus depressing material is in the chamber to lower the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and permit a longer time period for detecting and measuring particulates in the molten metal.

Abstract: An immersion probe as a preassembled unit includes a measuring head having a measuring element protected for minimizing trapping of gases by a sheath. The sheath is tapered toward a free end. The probe is adapted to be immersed in molten metal for measuring temperature and/or oxygen content.

Abstract: A process intended to prevent the formation of metal deposits on the walls (1) of metallurgical containers in contact with the molten metal bath (12). An improved container for carrying out this process is also described. Formation of deposit can be prevented by applying an electric voltage between the molten bath (12) and the wall (1).

Abstract: A preformed refractory sleeve for a temperature sensing device suitable for repeated immersions into molten metal is generally cylindrical in shape. An inwardly directed shoulder is spaced from the immersion end of the sleeve against which shoulder a support tube supporting the temperature sensor may abut and seal. The bore of the sleeve includes a truncated cone-shaped recess between the shoulder and the immersion end of the sleeve through which the bight of the temperature sensor extends. The truncated cone-shaped recess is filled with refractory cement to positively secure the temperature sensor to the sleeve and insulate the temperature sensor. Longitudinal ribs may extend into the bore of the cylindrical sleeve at the end of the sleeve opposite the truncated cone-shaped bore to center the support tube and form insulating air gaps between the sleeve and support tube.

Abstract: Molten metal is sampled by immersing a lance into a bath. The lance includes a chamber having a deoxidant. Two sets of lances are disclosed with the amount of deoxidant being different in each set. One set of lances is used during in-blow operation and the other is used during blow-interrupt operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for immersion in molten metal includes a disposable probe telescoped over an immersion end of a lance up to a shoulder on the lance. An elastic ring seal is provided between the shoulder and the adjacent end portion of the probe for protecting the joint between the probe and the shoulder.

Abstract: A sampling device for liquid metals contains a pipe (5) and a head (1) fixed on an end thereof, wherein a sampling chamber (11) is formed, which head (1) contains a part (2) of fireproof material which partially limits the sampling chamber (11), which is provided with a supply orifice (12,46) to the sampling chamber and which is put in the pipe (5) with a narrow end (3) in such a way that the sampling chamber (11) is located entirely outside of the pipe (5). The device also has at least one small cooling plate (9) forming at least a part of the well of the sampling chamber (11) and thus also limits the sampling chamber. The part (2) is made of a material that at least during the sampling offers a structure letting gas pass.

Abstract: A molten metal sample cup is provided with a temperature sensor to detect phase change in molten metal within the cup as the sample solidifies. A blob of material which promotes the formation of carbides is disposed within the cup. The exposed surface of the blob is limited by locating the blob within a recess in a bottom wall of a cavity so that the exposed surface of the blob is a predetermined uniform amount which is less than the total surface of the blob.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the carbon content of steel melts by thermal analysis by determining on a cooling curve the arrest point occurring during the liquidis phase change, the carbon content being determined by the arrest point temperature in conjunction with the iron-carbon diagram. In the method, the temperature difference is measured between two arrest points occurring during the liquidus-phase change and a phase transformation and the measured temperature difference is used to determine the carbon content in conjunction with the iron-carbon-diagram.

Abstract: The body of a probe adapted to be immersed in molten metal has a sensor for measuring temperature and a container for taking a sample of the molten metal.

Abstract: A disposable thermocouple body is made from a lamination of flat paper plates. Sets of paper plates are of progressively increasing width up to the middle plate which supports a U-shaped thermocouple shield. The body is adapted to be mounted in one end of a lance for immersion into a molten metal bath.

Abstract: The sampler includes two refractory body sections with two metal plates extending between and interconnecting the sections into a rigid unit. Said metal plates define two walls of a sampling chamber. Refractory surfaces define the remaining walls of said chamber. A first thermocouple is provided in the chamber for sensing the liquidus temperature as the sample cools and a second thermocouple senses bath temperature.

Abstract: A metallographic structure such as nodularity in castings to be made from molten metal is predicted by causing one part of the sample to rapidly solidify at a first rate and a second part of the sample to solidify at a slower rate. The temperature of at least said one part of the sample is measured during solidification. After solidification of the one part of the sample, the heat conductivity of the sample is used to predict the metallographic structure of the sample.

Abstract: The device for measuring active oxygen content in a bath of molten metal includes an electrochemical cell having a consummable shield for protecting the cell from thermal shock during immersion.

Abstract: A sample of nodular or vermicular cast iron has magnesium and/or cerium atoms therein neutralized by the addition of selenium or sulphur in the presence of tellurium.

Abstract: A molten metal sampling device having an inlet and an outlet is provided with a barrier partially obstructing the outlet for solidifying molten metal on contact therewith while permitting escape of gases.

Abstract: A sample of nodular or vermicular cast iron has magnesium and/or cerium atoms therein neutralized by the addition of selenium or sulphur in the presence of tellurium.