Abstract: Comprehensive universal configurable interface for electrical, electronic, and electromechanical control, sensing, and actuation. Circuit, apparatus, method, and signal set for interfacing an electrical or electronic component or a mechanical component generating or effecting an electrical or electronic signal to a control system or device. Comprehensive universal input/output interface system, circuit, and method for interfacing such components and control systems that send or receive analog or digital voltage and/or current inputs over a large range of voltages and/or current without hardware or software switches. Interface and method includes and needs only two terminals for the connection of sensor or actuator. Provides plurality of operation mode circuits to accomplish the following functions: digital input, digital output, analog input, analog output, and others. Supports either voltage or current input and output, and voltage and current capabilities over a broad dynamic range.

Abstract: Circuit, apparatus, method, and signal set for sending and controlling bi-directional data flow between a microprocessor (or other device) and a peripheral device having a standard UART-based, SPI-based, or similar interface over a single input/output (I/O) port line, utilizing the differences of the instantaneous source impedance of the I/O port line operating with data in and data out states. Circuit, apparatus, method, and signal set for separating the 1-wire data into standard 2-wire and 3-wire UART-based, SPI-based, or similar interfaces for use with unmodified peripheral devices. The exchange of data on a bit-by-bit or analog basis, with insignificant return delay, allows operation independent of any signaling protocol.