Abstract: Disclosed are an electromagnetic bandgap structure and a method for manufacturing the same. The electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a ground layer, a middle layer configured to include one or more patches, and to face the ground layer with a first dielectric layer interposed between the middle layer and the ground layer, wherein the first dielectric layer is stacked on a top of the ground layer, and a power layer configured to face the middle layer with a second dielectric layer interposed between the power layer and the middle layer, wherein the second dielectric layer is stacked on a top of the patches, wherein the patches and the power layer are electrically connected to each other through a via.

Abstract: A lithium battery according to the inventive concept may comprise a cathode, an anode separated from the cathode, a first separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, the first separator having first pores, a second separator disposed on the first separator, the second separator having second pores, and an electrolyte filling a gap between the cathode and the anode. Diameters of the second pores may be smaller than those of the first pores. A standard deviation of the diameters of the second pores is smaller than that of the first pores.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for encoding/decoding a moving picture based on adaptive scanning. The moving picture apparatus and method can increase a compression rate based on adaptive scanning by performing intra prediction onto blocks of a predetermined size, and scanning coefficients acquired from Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) of a residue signal and quantization differently according to the intra prediction mode. The moving picture encoding apparatus includes: a mode selector for selecting and outputting a prediction mode; a predictor for predicting pixel values of pixels to be encoded of an input video based on the prediction mode to thereby output a residue signal block; a transform/quantization unit for performing DCT onto the residue signal block and quantizing the transformed residue signal block; and an encoder for adaptively scanning and encoding the quantized residue signal block based on the prediction mode.

Abstract: A metamaterial structure may include a first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle containing a different material from the first nanoparticle. The first and second nanoparticles may be provided to be adjacent to each other and to be in an electrically-coupled state.

Abstract: An electro spinning apparatus according to embodiments of the inventive concept includes a nozzle unit discharging nano fiber on a substrate, and an alignment device having the substrate disposed thereon and aligning the nano fiber, wherein the alignment device includes a body and an angle adjustment unit adjusting an angle formed by a straight line connecting two electrodes disposed to face each other among the electrodes and the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using a bootstrap and a preamble are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving on a BICM output signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a bootstrap and a preamble using the time-interleaved signal.

Abstract: A method, a terminal, and a base station for performing random access by receiving additional random access information from the base station after connecting to the base station, selecting a random access preamble based on the additional random access information, and performing the random access by using the selected random access preamble is provided.

Abstract: Provided are an encoding device using predictive coding in a screen and a method thereof, and a decoding device and a method thereof. The encoding device is capable of generating a prediction block of a current block according to one of methods for generating a plurality of predetermined prediction blocks, and outputting at least one of encoding information and differential blocks as bitstream by entropy encoding according to whether differential blocks are encoded or not.

Abstract: Disclosed are operation methods of communication nodes supporting superposition transmission in a cellular communication system. An operation method of a base station comprises dividing a transmission block used for communications in the communication system into a plurality of sub transmission blocks each of which includes at least one resource block; setting transmit power allocation coefficients respectively for the plurality of sub transmission blocks; and transmitting the transmission block to which a superimposed signal is mapped, the superimposed signal including information indicating a number of resource blocks included in each of the plurality of sub transmission blocks, information indicating the transmit power allocation coefficients, first data units for the first terminal, and second data units for the second terminal. The first data units and the second data units are mapped to a same resource in the transmission block.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal, using the time-interleaved signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimally allocating resources of a provider according to a contribution margin ratio of a resource consumer in a distributed energy resource environment are described. An embodiment is a method for distributing energy resources in a distributed energy resource system. The method may include receiving information about the amount of available energy resources from each of one or more providers, receiving information about the amount of required energy resources from each of one or more consumers, assessing a contribution margin ratio for each of the one or more consumers, calculating an energy resource allocation amount for each of the one or more consumers based on the assessed contribution margin ratio, and distributing energy resources to each of the one or more consumers based on the calculated energy resource allocation amount.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and an apparatus for transmitting an uplink control channel for a high speed terminal. In a method for transmitting an uplink control channel in a mobile communication system, an uplink control channel signal is generated depending on at least one resource index received from a base station and the uplink control channel signal is transmitted to the base station through a resource block corresponding to the resource index. A location where the uplink control channel signal is allocated is changed depending on the resource index.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus for modulating data based on a predetermined 2q-QAM constellation and a receiving apparatus and method for demodulating a signal based on the predetermined 2q-QAM constellation, wherein the last q-2 bits corresponding to a quadrant of the predetermined 2q-QAM constellation are same with a gray code of a 2q-2-QAM constellation, the last q-2 bits corresponding to the remaining quadrants of the predetermined 2q-QAM constellation are determined by performing symmetric transformation for the last q-2 bits of the quadrant of the predetermined 2q-QAM around the x-axis or the y-axis.

Abstract: Provided is a phase error compensating apparatus. The phase error compensating apparatus may include a waveguide array disposed between a first free propagation region and a second free propagation region and configured to allow a light signal passed through the first free propagation region to move toward the second free propagation region, in which a length of each of the waveguides included in the waveguide array may be adjusted to compensate for a phase error of light signals passed through the waveguides.

Abstract: Provided is a cell capturing cartridge. According to an embodiment of the inventive concept, the cell capturing cartridge may include a substrate and structures provided on an upper surface of the substrate and constituting a plurality of rows that are parallel to a row direction. The structures in one row may be offset from the structures in the neighboring rows in the row direction. Each of the substrates may have a first side surface facing one side of the substrate and a second side surface disposed opposite to the first side surface and having a width greater than that of the first side surface.

Abstract: There are provided an optical receiver and a laser radar including the same. The optical receiver includes a plurality of optical detecting units configured to convert an optical signal reflected from a target into an electrical signal and to output the electrical signal, a signal combiner configured to combine output signals of the plurality of light detecting regions, a plurality of switches provided between the plurality of optical detecting units and the signal combiner, and a controller configured to control the plurality of switches so that the plurality of optical detecting units are selectively connected to the signal combiner based on whether the optical signal to reflected from the target is input. Therefore, it is possible to make a module small, to improve stability and reliability, and to reduce a signal to noise ratio.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical input/output device and an opto-electronic system including the same. The device includes a bulk silicon substrate, at least one vertical-input light detection element monolithically integrated on a portion of the bulk silicon substrate, and at least one vertical-output light source element monolithically integrated on another portion of the bulk silicon substrate adjacent to the vertical-input light detection element. The vertical-output light source element includes a III-V compound semiconductor light source active layer combined with the bulk silicon substrate by a wafer bonding method.

Abstract: A route guidance method and system using smart signages is disclosed. The route guidance method may include obtaining user information of a user or an object from a first smart signage detecting an access of the user, searching a database for route information about a route to a stored destination corresponding to the user information, identifying a second smart signage being separate from the first smart signage by a distance in a direction of the destination among a plurality of smart signages being on the route of the route information, and extracting, from the route information, a partial route from the first smart signage to the second smart signage and providing the extracted partial route to the first smart signage.

Abstract: Disclosed are a base station and a channel access method performing a channel access in a unlicensed band. The channel access method includes: performing channel sensing at least once on a channel of the unlicensed band in a channel sensing period of a frame; and broadcasting a reservation signal for the channel when the channel is empty.

Abstract: A multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication method and apparatus is disclosed. The MIMO communication method may include setting a target channel capacity between at least one transmitting antenna and at least one receiving antenna, calculating a current channel capacity between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna based on a transmission signal output from the transmitting antenna, and in response to the current channel capacity not meeting the target channel capacity, changing an arrangement or an attribute of the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna to adjust the to transmission signal output from the transmitting antenna.