Abstract: Disclosed is technology associated with video encoding and decoding having a structure including one or more layers (quality, spatial, and view) and technology associated with a method that predicts an higher layer signal by using one or more reference layers in encoding and decoding an higher layer. In more detail, an interlayer prediction is capable of being performed by considering a characteristic of each layer by separating a spatial and quality reference layer list constituted by spatial and quality layers to be referred at the same view as a target layer and a view reference layer list constituted by the same spatial and quality layers as a target layer in encoding and decoding encoding and decoding pictures of an higher layer in encoding and decoding encoded and decoded pictures of the higher layer to improve encoding and decoding efficiency.