Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring carbon emissions, which includes collecting, by a processor, livestock house environment data from one or more twin livestock houses, and selecting, by the processor, one or more factors from the livestock house environment data and generating a plurality of carbon emission measurement models.

Abstract: Provided is a security code. The security code including a first region and a second region includes a metal layer, a first dielectric pattern provided on the metal layer in the first region, a polymer pattern provided on the metal layer in the second region, a first metal pattern provided on the dielectric pattern, and a second metal pattern provided on the polymer pattern, wherein the polymer pattern includes a material different from that of the first dielectric pattern, and a thickness of the polymer pattern is different from a thickness of the first dielectric pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a method of separating a terrain model and an object model from a three-dimensional integrated model and an apparatus for performing the same. A separation method according to various example embodiments includes creating separation information about an integrated model based on a multi-viewpoint image including an object on a terrain, model information of the integrated model obtained by restoring the multi-viewpoint image in three dimensions, and information of an image shooting device shooting the multi-viewpoint image, and separating a terrain model and an object model from the integrated model based on the separation information.

Abstract: A microwave heat spread apparatus and an operating method thereof are provided. The microwave heat spread apparatus includes: a plurality of antennas respectively disposed at a plurality of positions of the human body and radiating microwaves into the human body; a plurality of channel transceivers respectively connected to the plurality of antennas and configured to transmit and receive the microwaves through a corresponding antenna; a transmission signal distributor configured to distribute a signal to each of the plurality of channel transceivers; a controller configured to control transmission and reception of signals through the channel transceivers; and a detector configured to detect a difference between a signal received through a channel transceiver after passing through the human body and a signal before passing through the human body.

Abstract: A repeated transmission method performed by a first communication node may comprise: repeatedly concatenating data to be transmitted to a second communication node by a preset first repetition number; performing channel coding on the concatenated data; generating first data having a resource unit size based on the channel-coded data; repeatedly outputting the first data by a preset second repetition number; and transmitting wireless signals generated according to the repeated output of the first data to the second communication node, wherein the first repetition number and the second repetition number are natural numbers.

Abstract: An optical transceiver is provided. A transceiver optical sub-assembly included in the optical transceiver includes a package body, accommodating optical devices and including a front surface coupled to an optical signal terminal, and a feed-through structure closing a rear surface of the package body and an open portion provided at both side surfaces adjacent to the rear surface. A disposition portion where one end of a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) is disposed is provided at a front surface of the feed-through structure. Feed-through electrodes bonded to FPCB electrodes provided at the one end of the FPCB are provided on a surface of the disposition portion. For precise alignment of the FPCB electrodes and the feed-through electrodes, a protrusion portion is provided at the one end of the FPCB, and an insertion groove into which the protrusion portion is inserted is formed in a front surface of the feed-through structure.

Abstract: A parity interleaving apparatus and method for variable length signaling information are disclosed. A parity interleaving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor configured to generate a parity bit string for parity puncturing by segmenting parity bits of an LDPC codeword whose length is 16200 and whose code rate is 3/15, into a plurality of groups, and group-wise interleaving the groups using an order of group-wise interleaving; and memory configured to provide the parity bit string for parity puncturing to a parity puncturing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a container orchestration device. The container orchestration device includes a cloud management unit, a cluster management unit, and a namespace management unit. The cloud management unit communicates with a cloud server based on user request signals. The cluster management unit generates a container orchestration tool within the cloud server based on a first request signal among the user request signals and allocates the container orchestration tool to a first user group. The namespace management unit generates one or more namespace instances within the container orchestration tool based on the first request signal and allocates the one or more namespace instances to each user of the first user group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a container registry management system including a registry management device that manages a plurality of container registries, a source code management device that receives a source code from a first user, builds a first container image based on a request signal of the first, and pushes the first container image to a first container registry within the plurality of container registries, based on a request signal of the first user, a user management device that manages a first image access permission of a second user for the first container image based on a request signal of the first user and manages a first access permission of the first user for the plurality of container registries and a second access permission of the second user for the plurality of container registries, and a data storage device that stores data related to the registry management device.

Abstract: An image encoding method according to the present disclosure may include deriving coefficients of a spherical harmonic function for a plurality of vertices on a three-dimensional space; generating a plurality of layer images based on the coefficients; and encoding the plurality of layer images. In this case, each of the plurality of layer images may include a coefficient value in order corresponding to the spherical harmonic function.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for codebook design in a communication system. A method of a base station may comprise: transmitting a pilot signal to a terminal by using a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS); receiving, from the terminal, channel information measured based on the pilot signal; estimating characteristics of elements of the RIS based on the channel information; generating a codebook based on the estimated characteristics of the elements; and transmitting the codebook to a controller of the RIS.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for performing filtering in video encoding and decoding. An encoding apparatus may perform filtering on a target, and may generate filtering information indicating whether filtering has been performed on the target. Further, the encoding apparatus may generate a bitstream including filtering information. A decoding apparatus may determine, based on filtering information, whether to perform filtering on a target, and may perform filtering on the target. The decoding apparatus may receive filtering information from the encoding apparatus through a bitstream or may derive filtering information using additional information.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, a method and a device for region of interest-based image encoding/decoding for machine vision may include extracting region of interest information in an image, performing an object tracking between frames based on the region of interest information, varying a resolution for each region of interest, and encoding an image with the region of interest information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for encoding a feature map. The method may include arranging multiple channels based on similarity therebetween for a feature map having the multiple channels, rearranging the arranged multiple channels so as to be adjacent to each other in a feature map channel having a matrix form, and generating an encoded feature map by converting a feature value corresponding to the feature map channel from a real number to an integer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a decoding method for a bit stream that supports a plurality of layers. The decoding method may include receiving information on a set of video parameters that includes information on the plurality of layers, and parsing the set of video parameters to 5 grasp information on the layers in the bit stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for channel bonding-based multi-antenna signal transmission in a broadcasting system. An apparatus for channel bonding-based multi-antenna signal transmission includes an input formatting unit for converting input data into a Physical Layer Pipe (PLP), a stream partitioning unit for partitioning the PLP into pieces of data to be transmitted to two or more channels, respectively, and two or more transmission units for transmitting the pieces of data resulting from partitioning to corresponding channels through multiple antennas.

Abstract: A method of integrating different homomorphic operations in homomorphic encryption is provided. The method includes receiving a homomorphic ciphertext and encryption scheme information from a ciphertext generating apparatus by using a communication interface, performing a homomorphic multiplication operation on the homomorphic ciphertext by using a homomorphic multiplication operator, analyzing the encryption scheme information to determine one operation of a re-linearization operation performed by a re-linearization operator and a key switching operation performed by a key switching operator by using a main controller, performing the determined one operation by using the re-linearization operator or the key switching operator, and performing a modulus switching operation on an operation result of the determined one operation by using a modulus switching operator.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node including a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and an RLC layer may comprise: delivering, by the MAC layer, first information requesting transmission of one or more RLC SDUs to the RLC layer; selecting, by the RLC layer, at least one RLC SDU based on the first information; performing, by the RLC layer, a segment operation on the at least one RLC SDU; delivering, by the RLC layer, an RLC PDU generated based on a result of the segment operation to the MAC layer; delivering, by the MAC layer, a MAC PDU generated based on the RLC PDU to the PHY layer; and transmitting, by the PHY layer, a PPDU generated based on the MAC PDU to a second communication node.

Abstract: A method and device for generating an audio signal and a method and device for reproducing an audio signal are provided. The method of reproducing an audio signal includes obtaining a type of a stereophonic sound signal determined according to characteristics of the stereophonic sound signal and determining a rendering mode to reproduce the stereophonic sound signal, based on the type of the stereophonic sound signal and a reproduction environment of the stereophonic sound signal.