Abstract: There is described a method of processing control messages received by a wireless communication network from a wireless communication device. The method comprises: monitoring received control messages sent by the wireless communication device to identify control messages conveying information indicating whether or not the wireless communication device has a handover capability associated with performing a handover between the packet-switched and circuit-switched domains; for any such identified control message which indicates that the corresponding wireless communication device does not have said handover capability, modifying the control message to indicate that said corresponding wireless communication device does have said handover capability and forwarding the modified control message to the core network; and storing data indicative of whether or not the wireless communication device has said handover capability.

Abstract: A method of programming data in a nonvolatile memory device comprises receiving program data to be programmed in selected memory cells of the nonvolatile memory device, reading data from the selected memory cells, encoding the program data using at least one encoding scheme selected from among multiple encoding schemes according to a comparison of the program data and the read data, generating flag data including encoding information, and programming the encoded program data and the flag data in the selected memory cells.

Abstract: A Power Headroom Report (PHR) method and apparatus for a mobile communication system supporting carrier aggregation are provided. The method for transmitting PHR of a terminal in a mobile communication system includes configuring, when a PHR is triggered for at least one activated serving cell, an extended PHR for the at least one activated serving cell, the PHR being triggered when a change of a downlink path loss in the at least one activated serving cell is greater than a predetermined threshold value, and transmitting the extended PHR.

Abstract: A method of rearranging a display of at least one icon on a touch screen of a portable electronic device is provided. The method detects if the device has entered a tilted state, and automatically rearranges the display of the at least one icon according to the tilted state. In some implementations, icons are rearranged to be displayed in a lopsided manner when entering the tilted state, thereby facilitating user touch selection of the icons.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining a bit rate of audio content, and more particularly, an audio content bit rate determining apparatus and a method capable of quickly and correctly identifying audio content compressed at a constant bit rate from among audio content compressed at a variable bit rate and a constant bit rate, are provided. The apparatus includes a first bit rate determiner for determining a bit rate type of audio content having frames with the same frame size by skipping a predetermined number of frames with respect to the audio content, and a second bit rate determiner for determining a bit rate type of audio content having frames with different frame sizes by skipping a predetermined number of frames with respect to the audio content.

Abstract: A method of storing data in a nonvolatile memory device comprises performing a program operation on target memory cells among multiple memory cells, performing a first verify operation to determine whether the target memory cells are in a program pass state or a program fail state, and as a consequence of determining that the target memory cells are in the program pass state, performing a second verify operation to determine whether the target memory cells exhibit a program error symptom.

Abstract: A device includes a photographing unit, an image processing unit, a buffer, a storage unit, and a digital signal processor. The buffer stores index information to be assigned to at least one image signal obtained by the photographing unit, file name and storage path information to be provided to the at least one image signal when the at least one image signal is stored in the storage unit. The digital signal processor displays the most recently stored image signal when a display input instruction to display a currently captured image is received, searches the storage unit when an input instruction to display previously-captured images is additionally received, if a corresponding image file is found in the storage unit, displays the found image file, and if the corresponding image file is not found in the storage unit, displays an image signal stored in the buffer using the index information.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for handover in a wireless communication system are provided. The handover method includes, when handing over to another Base Station (BS) while being serviced by a serving BS, determining whether there exists data to transmit in an uplink, and, when the data to transmit in the uplink exists, requesting bandwidth from the serving BS before commencing a network re-entry to a target BS for the handover.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating vibration based on sound characteristics in a mobile terminal are provided. The method includes converting audio data into an audio signal upon generation of a sound play request; determining whether to generate vibration based on a sound volume of the audio signal; setting an actuator to be driven for the audio signal among at least two actuators based on frequency distribution characteristics of the audio signal if it is determined upon determining to generate the vibration; and driving the actuator being set for the audio signal when outputting the audio signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes pillars extending upright on a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, a stack disposed on the substrate and constituted by a first interlayer insulating layer, a first conductive layer, a second interlayer insulating layer, and a second conductive layer, a variable resistance layer interposed between the pillars and the first conductive layer, and an insulating layer interposed between the first pillars and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A three-dimensional map-generating apparatus and method using structured light. The apparatus for generating a three-dimensional map using structured light includes an odometer detecting the pose of a mobile robot, and a distance-measuring sensor including a light source module that emits light upward and a camera module that captures an image formed by light reflected from an obstacle, and measuring a distance to the obstacle using the captured image. The apparatus measures a distance to the obstacle using the distance-measuring sensor while changing the relative pose of the mobile robot, thereby generating a three-dimensional map.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating semiconductor devices are provided including providing a substrate having a first region and a second region, the substrate defining trenches in the first and second regions; forming active fins on the first and second regions, the active fins protruding from the trenches in the first and second regions; forming spacers on sidewalls of the active fins in the first and second regions; recessing floors of the trenches under the spacers to provide extensions of the active fins; implanting impurities of a first type in the extensions of the active fins in the first region; and implanting impurities of a second, type, different from the first type, in the extensions of the active fins in the second region.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a cell array including one or more bank groups, where each of the one or more bank groups includes a plurality of banks and each of the plurality of banks includes a plurality of spin transfer torque magneto resistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) cells. The semiconductor memory device further includes a source voltage generating unit for applying a voltage to a source line connected to the each of the plurality of STT-MRAM cells, and a command decoder for decoding a command from an external source in order to perform read and write operations on the plurality of STT-MRAM cells. The command includes a combination of at least one signal of a row address strobe (RAS), a column address strobe (CAS), a chip selecting signal (CS), a write enable signal (WE), and a clock enable signal (CKE).

Abstract: An access control method for accessing an embedded system includes: performing a first access control operation for an access system by a first authentication subject, wherein the first access control operation includes performing a first authentication for the access system; when the first access control operation is passed, receiving at the first authentication subject a result of a second access control operation for the access system which is performed by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject performing a second authentication for authenticating whether the access system is an access system that is authenticated by a second authentication subject that is separate from the first authentication subject, and receiving the result of the authentication; and allowing the access system to access the embedded system if the first authentication and the second authentication are successful.

Abstract: A transistor may include a hole blocking layer between a channel layer including oxynitride and an electrode electrically connected to the channel layer. The hole blocking layer may be disposed in a region between the channel layer and at least one of a source electrode and a drain electrode. The channel layer may include, for example, zinc oxynitride (ZnON). A valence band maximum energy level of the hole blocking layer may be lower than a valence band maximum energy level of the channel layer.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device may include a substrate and a magnetic tunnel junction memory element on the substrate. The magnetic tunnel junction memory element may include a reference magnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer, and a free magnetic layer. The reference magnetic layer may include a first pinned layer, an exchange coupling layer, and a second pinned layer. The exchange coupling layer may be between the first and second pinned layers, and the second pinned layer may include a ferromagnetic layer and a non-magnetic layer. The second pinned layer may be between the first pinned layer and the tunnel barrier layer, and the tunnel barrier layer may be between the reference magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer.

Abstract: A method of setting a cycle of a low-duty mode in a femto base station is provided. The cycle of the low-duty mode has a pattern in which an available interval and an unavailable interval repeatedly appear, and the available interval is set to include a paging listening interval of a paging cycle. A method of setting a cycle of a low-duty mode in a femto base station having a service area overlapping with that of a macrocell is provided. An unavailable interval is set by taking the overlapping degree of the service area of the femto base station with the macrocell into consideration. A method of setting a cycle of a low-duty mode in a plurality of femto base stations operated in the low-duty mode is provided. The same cycle can be set for a plurality of base stations.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory device and a memory controller. The nonvolatile memory device includes first memory blocks configured to store m-bit data per cell and second memory blocks configured to store n-bit data per cell. The memory controller is configured to control the nonvolatile memory device to close an open word line generated in a second memory block of the second memory blocks when a program operation is performed on the second memory block.