Abstract: A radiotherapy apparatus is described. The radiotherapy apparatus comprises a radiation source, a beam shaping apparatus, a beam receiving apparatus, and a controller configured to control the beam shaping apparatus. The radiation source is configured to deliver radiation in each of a coplanar configuration and at least one non-coplanar configuration. The beam shaping apparatus is configured to direct the radiation produced by the radiation source towards the beam receiving apparatus in each of the coplanar configuration and the at least one non-coplanar configuration. The controller is configured to control the beam shaping apparatus to apply a limit on a field of radiation produced by the radiation source based on whether the radiation source is configured in the coplanar configuration or the at least one non-coplanar configuration.

Abstract: There is herein provided a method of identifying an isocentre of a radiotherapy apparatus. The method includes capturing illumination of respective dummy point images at rotational positions of a component of the radiotherapy apparatus at an image capture device mounted on the radiotherapy apparatus and deriving the isocentre from the captured dummy point images.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computer-implemented method of determining a control scheme for operating a radiotherapy device for delivery of a radiation dose via a radiotherapy treatment beam to a target. The radiotherapy device comprises abeam generation apparatus that is configured to output radiation via a radiotherapy treatment beam, and wherein operation of the radiotherapy device can be described using at least one operational parameter. The method comprises determining the control scheme by identifying a first time (t1) at which at least a first portion of the radiation dose is to be delivered at a first radiation delivery rate; and identifying a second time (t2) for the radiotherapy device to undergo a cool-down period, wherein during the cool-down period the radiation delivery rate is less than the first radiation delivery rate; wherein the control scheme is determined such that at least one criterion associated with the at least one operational parameter is met.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an imaging system for a radiotherapy device which is configured to provide therapeutic radiation to a patient via a source of therapeutic radiation. The imaging system comprises a source of imaging radiation, a CBCT panel detector, and a CT detector, wherein the source of imaging radiation is configured to be adjustable such that in a first configuration it is configured to emit imaging radiation towards the CT detector and in a second configuration it is configured to emit imaging radiation towards the CBCT detector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a calibration phantom for calibrating an imaging scanner. The imaging scanner comprises a rotatable gantry, and a source of imaging radiation and a detector both configured to rotate with the gantry. The calibration phantom comprises a support structure and a plurality of boards, wherein each board comprises a planar calibration pattern formed of radiopaque material. The boards are positioned along a first axis and each board is positioned, by the support structure, at an angle with respect to each of the other boards such that each planar calibration pattern faces a different direction. The directions faced by each planar calibration pattern are substantially perpendicular to the first axis.

Abstract: A quality assurance method for a radiotherapy device is disclosed. The method comprises disposing a phantom on a patient couch of the radiotherapy device, moving the patient couch to simulate motion of a subject, determining a measured value associated with the phantom, and comparing the measured value to an expected value. A radiotherapy device is also disclosed, the radiotherapy device comprising a radiation source configured to apply a radiation beam, a patient couch, a phantom disposable on the patient couch, and a controller communicatively coupled to the patient couch. A computer-readable medium storing instructions is also disclosed. A phantom for a radiotherapy device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for performing operations comprising: receiving a new data sample comprising estimated motion; identifying a cluster of training data samples from a plurality of training data samples that corresponds to the new data sample; obtaining motion estimations associated with the cluster of training data samples; determining a reconstruction from the cluster of training data samples to the new data sample; transforming the motion estimations for the cluster of training data samples based on the reconstruction from the cluster of training data samples to the new data sample; and computing a quality factor indicating a measure of similarity between the estimated motion of the new data sample and the motion estimations associated with the cluster of training data samples.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device may comprise a rotatable gantry and a bore tube defining a bore. The bore tube may comprise a first section formed of a first material and a second section formed of a second material. The first section may be configured to minimally attenuate an imaging beam, while the second section may be configured to meet further requirements of the bore tube.

Abstract: Timing-based methods, systems, and computer readable mediums for a gated linear accelerator include synchronising a local clock of the linear accelerator with a clock of a patient monitoring system, determining latencies within one or more MR-gated radiotherapy processes and implementing latency based interlocks.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting arcing events within linear accelerators are disclosed herein. Arcing is detected within a linear accelerator using a reflected RF power signal. Such methods can be performed automatically using components of the linear accelerator itself. The method comprises obtaining a reflected RF power signal, detecting an anomaly based on the reflected RF power signal, the anomaly being indicative of the occurrence of an arcing event, and outputting a signal indicating an arcing event has occurred.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for performing operations comprising: receiving a plurality of training medical images used to train a machine learning technique; applying a model to the plurality of training medical images to generate a distribution representation of the plurality of training medical images; computing a first distance between a given training medical image in the plurality of training medical images and the distribution representation; computing a second distance between a new medical image and the distribution representation; and computing a quality factor indicating a measure of similarity between a new medical image and the plurality of medical images as a function of the first distance and the second distance.

Abstract: A leaf unit for a multi-leaf collimator may comprise a leaf, a leaf actuator screw, a rotatable part threadably engaged with the leaf actuator screw, a leaf actuator motor, and a supporting bracket. The leaf actuator screw including a first end fixedly attached to the leaf and the leaf actuator motor being coupled to the rotatable part. The support bracket comprising a first portion with a first opening arranged to receive and support the leaf actuator motor and a second portion with a second opening including a bearing. The second opening being arranged to receive and support the rotatable part. A center of the first opening is aligned with that of the second opening so that an axis of the leaf actuator motor and an axis of the rotatable part of each leaf actuator are colinear.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of positioning a patient for radio-therapy treatment using a radiotherapy device. The method comprises determining an identity of a treatment beam that is to be used to treat the patient, determining an offset between a reference location and an isocentre location for the identified treatment beam that is to be used to treat the patient, and changing a spatial relationship between the patient and at least a part of the radiotherapy device, according to the determined offset.

Abstract: A multi-leaf collimator can comprise two banks of leaves facing each other across the radiation field, and an actuation member or actuation means configured to control the location of each leaf, for example, to control the degree to which each leaf is extended into the radiation field. The leaves of the multi-leaf collimator can comprise at least one radioluminescent marker that can emit illumination light, which can be used to accurately determine the position of the leaves.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a radiotherapy device configured to provide therapeutic radiation to a patient should be authorised for use. The device comprises a plurality of components, each component of the plurality of components being coupled with at least one identifier configured to provide data identifying the component it is coupled with. The method comprises receiving, from the identifiers, data identifying each of the plurality of components of the radiotherapy device and determining whether at least one authorisation criterion is met based on the identifying data and authorisation data; and if the at least one authorisation criterion is met, determining that the radiotherapy device is authorised for use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a medical device for tracking movement of a region of a patient's body. The region has a range of motion, for example a range of respiratory motion. The device comprises a controller configured to determine a motion of the region based on one or more initial images depicting at least part of the region. The controller is further configured to predict, based on the determined motion, a motion event time at which at least one property associated with the motion or position of the region will meet at least one criterion, wherein the at least one criterion comprises the region being located at a particular point in its range of motion. The controller is further configured to determine, based on the predicted motion event time, at least one subsequent image capture time at which at least one subsequent image should be captured.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device can include a radiation source configured to deliver kilovolt (KV) or megavolt (MV) radiation and a detector configured to detect the delivered radiation and generate a plurality of images of a subject located between the radiation source and the detector. The radiotherapy device can further include a controller configured to detect an erroneous pixel in an image of the plurality of images and generate an averaged image. Each pixel of the averaged image can be generated by taking an average of two or more respective pixels in two or more corresponding locations of one or more of the plurality of images, and generating a pixel of the averaged image in a corresponding location to the erroneous pixel comprises excluding the erroneous pixel from the taking of the average.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a radiation head for a radiotherapy device. The radiation head comprises a source of radiation configured to emit a beam of radiation; and beam shaping device for collimating the beam of radiation. The beam shaping device comprises a multi-leaf collimator; and a diaphragm positioned between the source and the multi-leaf collimator. The diaphragm comprises a diaphragm block movable along a curved path, the diaphragm block having a flat face focused on a focus point which is offset from the source of radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of calculating delivery values for delivering an arc-segment between two control points of a treatment plan, the treatment plan specifying MLC leaf position at each control point. The method comprises: calculating the arc-segment delivery time for each of a plurality of components using default delivery values, wherein one of the components is MLC leaf movement; selecting the component dictating the longest arc-segment delivery time as the time-limiting component; and if the time-limiting component is MLC leaf movement: providing optimised MLC delivery values; if a predetermined condition is met, setting the time-limiting component delivery values to the optimised delivery values; and outputting the time-limiting component delivery values.

Abstract: A radiotherapy device can include a tilting apparatus for tilting a source of radiation, the tilting apparatus comprising: a plurality of guide rails comprising a first guide rail and a second guide rail and a plurality of carriages comprising a first carriage and a second carriage. The first carriage being translatable along the first guide rail and the second carriage being translatable along the second guide rail. The radiotherapy device can also include a support structure for supporting the source of radiation. The support structure being rotatably coupled to each of the first carriage and the second carriage. The first guide rail and the second guide rail can be angled with respect to one another such that translation of the first carriage and the second carriage along the first guide rail and the second guide rail causes tilting of the support structure.