Abstract: A position measuring apparatus with at least one material measure comprised of an optical structure of an arrangement of 3-D reflectors, at least one light receiver arranged at a distance from the material measure, a light source arranged at a distance from the material measure and at a distance from the light receiver, and at least one transparent substrate present between the material measure and the light receiver, wherein the light receiver is deposited directly on the transparent substrate, on the side of the substrate opposite the material measure in the form of a thin-film structure consisting of several layers arranged one above another. A supporting plate is provided with circuit-board conductors, on which the substrate is arranged, wherein the transparent substrate and the supporting plate are joined solidly together by a Flip-Chip assembly process.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus with at least one material measure comprised of an optical structure of an arrangement of 3-D reflectors, at least one light receiver arranged at a distance from the material measure, a light source arranged at a distance from the material measure and at a distance from the light receiver, and at least one transparent substrate present between the material measure and the light receiver, wherein the light receiver is deposited directly on the transparent substrate, on the side of the substrate opposite the material measure in the form of a thin-film structure consisting of several layers arranged one above another. A supporting plate is provided with circuit-board conductors, on which the substrate is arranged, wherein the transparent substrate and the supporting plate are joined solidly together by a Flip-Chip assembly process.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus with at least one material measure comprised of an optical structure of an arrangement of 3-D reflectors, at least one light receiver arranged at a distance from the material measure, a light source arranged at a distance from the material measure and at a distance from the light receiver, and at least one transparent substrate present between the material measure and the light receiver, wherein the light receiver is deposited directly on the transparent substrate, on the side of the substrate opposite the material measure in the form of a thin-film structure consisting of several layers arranged one above another. A supporting plate is provided with circuit-board conductors, on which the substrate is arranged, wherein the transparent substrate and the supporting plate are joined solidly together by a Flip-Chip assembly process.

Abstract: A position measuring device comprises a sensor with a light source and a light receiver element arranged in a housing, a rotary encoder, and a reflective material measure with optical elements provided at a distance from the sensor, the material measure being arranged on the rotary encoder. The sensor is mounted on a plate that has a keyed connection to the housing. The rotary encoder is arranged between the housing and the plate. The rotary encoder has a shaft support or is connected to a shaft support, with the shaft support arranged on the same side of the rotary encoder as the material measure and the plate having a recess for the shaft support.

Abstract: A position measuring device comprises a housing, a sensor head with a light receiver element arranged in the housing and a rotatable material measure with optical elements at a distance from the sensor head. The material measure is arranged on a rotary encoder mounted on a shaft of a motor. The light receiver element interacts with the optical elements to produce a signal. A sensor head holder has a keyed connection with the housing and the sensor head The housing, the sensor head holder and the sensor head are configured so that their keyed connection establishes the defined position of the light receiver element relative to the optical elements.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus with at least one material measure comprised of an optical structure of an arrangement of 3-D reflectors, at least one light receiver arranged at a distance from the material measure, a light source arranged at a distance from the material measure and at a distance from the light receiver, and at least one transparent substrate present between the material measure and the light receiver, wherein the light receiver is deposited directly on the transparent substrate, on the side of the substrate opposite the material measure in the form of a thin-film structure consisting of several layers arranged one above another. A supporting plate is provided with circuit-board conductors, on which the substrate is arranged, wherein the transparent substrate and the supporting plate are joined solidly together by a Flip-Chip assembly process.

Abstract: A forcibly guided relay is disclosed, with a housing, whose height is smaller than its width and whose width is smaller than its length. With this, the relay comprises an electromagnetic drive filling the length or the width of the relay, with a clapper-type contactor which comprises a drive arm which extends in the direction of the core and at its free end cooperates with a drive cam; several contact pairs, which are in each case formed by a contact spring and a fixed or spring-like counter-contact said contact springs extending in the direction of the core, and with the drive ends being in a forcibly guided engagement with the drive cam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact arrangement of a relay with a contact head (11) with a crown (17) which encloses a contact surface (15) and is raised with respect to the contact surface. According to the invention, for increasing the contact reliability with a dry switching load, this crown (17) is interrupted at a multitude of locations, by which means teeth (21) and intermediate spaces between the teeth (21) are formed. This crown contact head in the closed position of the contact arrangement bears on a crownless contact head. The contact spring (23) carrying the movable contact head is designed in a manner such that it may be subjected to torsion. The result of this is that the crown contact head (11) reliably contacts the crownless adjacent contact head (25) at the two small-surfaced contact locations, in each case with a high specific surface pressing.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a locking system with an electromagnet and a yoke plate that closes the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet. In the latter, the electromagnet is fastened with a fastening element to pivot around a point on a central axis and is tightly fastened in the longitudinal direction of the central axis. Said central axis runs perpendicular to the contact plane between the electromagnet and the yoke plate and through the center of the holding force of the closed electromagnet. As a result, a force that acts against the magnetic force to detach the yoke plate from the pole surface always acts coaxially with the magnetic force, thus keeping the yoke plate from being detached from the pole surface on one side.

Abstract: A sensor is disclosed for monitoring a part which can move translationally relative to a sensor with reference to its position on the axis of motion. This part is for example a piston in a cylinder which is equipped with a sensor. The sensor can be actuated by means of a magnet which is oriented in the direction of motion with respect to the north and south pole and which is located on the movable part. The sensor has three reed contacts which are aligned in parallel and of which the first and the second reed contact are located in one plane and parallel next to one another with their lengthwise axes, by which they can be actuated almost at the same time by the magnetic field of the magnet which is located on the movable part. The third reed contact is located at a distance to the plane of the first and the second reed contact. This sensor with the first two reed contacts is mounted facing the actuating magnet.

Abstract: An exemplary securing means has an electromagnet which has a core, a coil and a yoke which can be moved away from the core and which closes the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet. This securing means is provided with an electrical or electronic switching device which responds to a magnetic field for monitoring of the magnetic field in the magnetic circuit. This switching device taps the core or the yoke at two sites which are spaced apart from one another in the lengthwise direction of the magnetic flux. Thus, the switching device reacts distinctly to the gap width between the core and the yoke. For example, a reed switch drops out at a gap width of 0.02 mm, but is clearly activated when the magnetic circuit is closed.

Abstract: A set is disclosed with a position sensor and an exciter part. The position sensor has three reed contacts which are pointed parallel to one another in a triangle arrangement next to one another, of which the first two are used for doubled detection of the exciter magnetic field. The third reed contact is used to generate an error signal when the sensor is activated by means of an outside magnetic field. The exciter part has three permanent magnets which are arranged in a triangle arrangement which corresponds to the triangle arrangement of the reed contacts, with pole axes aligned parallel to one another. Of them, the first two magnets are pointed in the same direction and are located at a first distance to one another. The third magnet is polarized in the direction opposite the first two. This results in that only the two make contacts can be activated by the two bar magnets which are pointed in the same direction. Conversely, all three reed contacts are activated each by an outside magnetic field.

Abstract: A securing means is used for keeping closed and releasing, as well as monitoring the state of a part which clears or blocks access to a hazard space. The securing means comprises an electromagnet and an armature for closing the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet. Furthermore the securing means comprises a power supply circuit in which a transistor for connecting a voltage source to the magnetic coil and for separating the voltage source from the magnetic coil and a measuring resistor are present. Furthermore it comprises an evaluation device for measuring the voltage drop over the measuring resistor and for evaluating this current measurement. Because the measuring resistor is also located in the magnetic coil circuit, a coil current can be measured which occurs simply within the coil circuit. Therefore it can be monitored using this current whether during operation the armature is lifted off the core; this induces a current rise in the coil circuit.

Abstract: A forcibly guided relay is disclosed, with a housing, whose height is smaller than its width and whose width is smaller than its length. With this, the relay comprises an electromagnetic drive filling the length or the width of the relay, with a clapper-type contactor which comprises a drive arm which extends in the direction of the core and at its free end cooperates with a drive cam; several contact pairs, which are in each case formed by a contact spring and a fixed or spring-like counter-contact said contact springs extending in the direction of the core, and with the drive ends being in a forcibly guided engagement with the drive cam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contact arrangement of a relay with a contact head (11) with a crown (17) which encloses a contact surface (15) and is raised with respect to the contact surface. According to the invention, for increasing the contact reliability with a dry switching load, this crown (17) is interrupted at a multitude of locations, by which means teeth (21) and intermediate spaces between the teeth (21) are formed. This crown contact head in the closed position of the contact arrangement bears on a crownless contact head. The contact spring (23) carrying the movable contact head is designed in a manner such that it may be subjected to torsion. The result of this is that the crown contact head (11) reliably contacts the crownless adjacent contact head (25) at the two small-surfaced contact locations, in each case with a high specific surface pressing.

Abstract: A safety relay comprising an electrically insulating carrier part, an electromagnetic drive arranged on the carrier part, at least one control contact arranged on the carrier part, at least three load contacts arranged on the carrier part wherein each of the load and control contacts is forcibly guided by a common comb connected with the electromagnetic drive and each load and control contact having two contact springs, each of the contacts springs comprising, a contact head, a spring foot at a distance from the contact head, and at least one fastener part connected with the spring foot, the contact springs being supported solidly with the spring foot in the carrier part wherein at least one of the contacts forms a working contact and another one a resting contact, a rigid stop arranged on the carrier part next to which is located the contact head in the vicinity of one of the contact springs, the other one of the contact springs of the contact engaging the comb in such a way that the movement of the contact

Abstract: A safety relay comprising a separating wall, an electromagnetic drive located on a first side of the separating wall comprising a coil with core and yoke, the coil being connectable to a control current, the core being oriented parallel to the separating wall, and a movable armature, a comb located on a second side of the separating wall capable of moving parallel to the separating wall by means of the armature, and a row of several contacts located on the second side of the separating wall actuated by the drive comb, each of the contacts comprising at least two contact elements arranged on an electrically insulating carrier part each of the contacts being connected with a current connection element, at least one of the contact elements being formed by an elongated contact spring arranged between the comb and the separating wall, the contact spring being arranged with a spring longitudinal axis crosswise to the direction of the movement of the comb, forcibly guided by the comb and by a spring foot at one end

Abstract: In connection with a relay with contact units on both sides of a partition and with plug connectors which can be plugged vertically in relation to the partition, a very compact construction is achieved by offsetting the contact units arranged on the top side of the partition with respect to the contact units arranged on the bottom side, and by passing the plug connectors through the partition and between the electrically conductive elements arranged on the bottom side. Thanks to offsetting the plug connectors with the connecting element on the centerline (M), a very large distance can be achieved between the plug connectors, which meets all minimal requirements for a safe separation of different potentials. Labyrinthine courses for air and leakage paths between the circuit units and with respect to the actuating member can be created it the interior in the relay by the partition, separating walls, covers and collars, which also meet these requirements.