Abstract: Cationic emulsions of bituminous binders of the type consisting of an organic phase formed of a bituminous binder dispersed in an aqueous phase containing a cationic emulsifying agent and an acid.The bituminous binder is a bitumen-polymer type binder and the acid present in the aqueous phase is a possibly hydroxylated mono or polycarboxylic acid, used in sufficient quantity that the pH of the said aqueous phase is comprised between 1 and 7.The bituminous binders of the bitumen-polymer type having passed through the said emulsions present an excellent aging behavior.

Abstract: Counterbalancing device in a rotary machine comprising at least one piston axially movable in a cylinder, such as a heat engine and equipped per cylinder with at least one rotating distributor. The distributor, on the one hand, is driven in rotation at the same angular speed as the crankshaft of the machine and in the opposite direction to it and, on the other hand, comprises a counterbalancing compensating mass, of at least one part of the primary inertia of the piston-connecting rod-crank assembly corresponding to the cylinder. Application to the counterbalancing of monocylindrical engines with a crankshaft of reduced bulkiness.

Abstract: The enclosure of a generator comprises a combustion zone 1 surrounded at least partially by a heat exchange zone 2, the combustion zone comprising a premix chamber 25 having means for supplying with air at 12 and with fuel 10,11 and inert recycling particles coming from zone 2.The premix chamber has mounted thereover a vertical duct 21 filled with a refractory stack 6 and comprises above the stack an opening 22 serving as overflow communicating with a vertical duct 4 situated outside duct 21 and opening into zone 2. The heat exchange zone 2 is formed as a dense fluidized bed zone and contains fluid circulation tubes 3. The vertical duct 21 serving as combustion hearth is filled with a fixed structure formed by a stack of several layers of spaced parallel bars, offset angularly from one layer to the next.

Abstract: Bitumen-polymer compositions are prepared, by mixing, at between 130.degree. C. and 230.degree. C., a bitumen with a styrene and conjugated diene copolymer and a sulphur source, the copolymer and the sulphur source being added to the bitumen either directly, or in the form of a mother solution in a hydrocarbon oil, then by maintaining the whole under stirring at between 130.degree. C. and 230.degree. C. for at least fifteen minutes.By way of sulphur source is used 0.005 to 15% by weight, with respect to bitumen, one or several polymeric or not, cyclic or linear polysulphides, and especially ditertiododecyl or dinonyl pentasulphide. The bitumen-polymer compositions obtained can be used for the obtention of superficial road coverings and present a constant quality of its properties.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for detecting and locating a change of composition in a medium, which consists in determining the speed of transmission of an ultrasonic wave through a layer or column of the medium; this determination is effected at a plurality of locations or levels and those of the locations or levels are noted which correspond to changes in the speed of transmission of the wave.

Abstract: Bitumen-polymer compositions are prepared, by mixing, at between 130.degree. C. and 230.degree. C., a bitumen with a styrene and conjugated diene copolymer and a sulphur source, the copolymer and the sulphur source being added to the bitumen either directly, or in the form of a mother solution in a hydrocarbon oil, then by maintaining the whole under stirring at between 130.degree. C. and 230.degree. C. for at least fifteen minutes. By way of sulphur source is used 0.005 to 15% by weight, with respect to bitumen, one or several polymeric or not, cyclic or linear polysulphides, and especially ditertiododecyl or dinonyl pentasulphide. The bitumen-polymer compositions obtained can be used for the obtention of superficial road coverings and present a constant quality of its properties.

Abstract: An oscillating supporting arm assembly for the driving wheel of a motorcycle, includes an arm mounted to oscillate angularly about a connecting shaft of the motorcycle and cooperating with a suspension assembly between the arm and motorcycle, the wheel being removably fixed to a supporting shaft on one side of the free end of the supporting arm, the supporting shaft extending through the arm on two bearings, a wheel driving pinion is fixed to the supporting shaft, on the side of the arm opposite to the wheel and is driven by a chain mechanically connected to the driving assembly of the motorcycle, the supporting arm having the configuration of a U with two legs between which the rim and the tire of the rear wheel are located, one of the legs having hinge connections which cooperate with the connecting shaft of the motorcycle, the wheel has its median plane extending at substantially equal distances from the two hinge connections of the supporting arm, the wheel is rigidly connected to a brake disc cooperating

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel lubricating compositions effective in reducing friction, for use, particularly, in turning machines and remarkable in that the additive comprises by at least one mono- or di-substituted carboxylic acid substituted in the .alpha. or .beta. position with respect to the acid function.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of beta-disubstituted monocarboxylic acids derived from tertiary acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbons. The process consists in reacting said hydrocarbons with vinylidene chloride and either a functional compound where the molecule includes a tertiary carbon atom bonded to the heteroatom of a functional group such as a tertiary alcohol, an ether, or a tertiary halide or an alkene, in the presence of a concentrated protonic acid. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst of the Lewis acid type and particularly BF.sub.3. These acids are useful as synthesis intermediates and as additives for oils and lubricants.

Abstract: This invention relates to distillation in pressurized columns and provides a process for reboiling such columns. The column 1 working at a pressure of 11 bar is fed with a mixture of hydrocarbons preheated in exchangers 2a and 2b to about 130.degree. C. A part of the bottom is withdrawn, then expanded by means of an expansion valve 5 to 2.5 bar in an expansion balloon flask 6 where the phases are separated. The vapor phase is compressed in a compressor 7 to the pressure of the column and reinjected at the bottom of the column, whereas the liquid phase is removed.With the process, energy can be saved in pressurized distillation columns, for example in petrol stabilization columns.

Abstract: Copolymers with nitrogen groups are used as additives to lower the cloud point of middle distillates such as gas oils. They are obtained by reacting a compound having a primary amine group with a copolymer comprising from 20 to 40% of recurrent units from a linear .alpha.-olefin, from 30 to 70% of recurrent units from an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic compound, from 5 to 30% of recurrent units from an alkyl ester of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and from 5 to 15% of recurrent units from styrene or a styrene derivative.These additives also improve the limit filterability temperature and the pour point of the middle distillates.

Abstract: Device for controlling the evacuation of exhaust gases of a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine.A rotary valve performs a continuous or alternate turning movement and synchronized with the rotation of the motor about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the motor and issues at the level of its transversal channel on one side on an orifice connected to the exhaust towards the outside.The invention is applied to the control of the exhaust of two stroke engines.

Abstract: Products useful as additives for lowering the cloud point of middle distillates have a molecular weight from 1,000 to 50,000, and are obtained by reacting a compound of the formulaR--Z--(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH].sub.m H (I)orHO--CH.sub.2 --R'--NH.sub.2 (II)where R is a monovalent saturated aliphatic radical of 1-30 carbon atoms, Z is --NH-- or oxygen, n is 2 to 4, m is zero or 1 to 4 and R' is a saturated divalent aliphatic radical of 1-18 carbon atoms, with a copolymer comprising recurrent units (A) from an alkyl ester of an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and/or a vinyl ester of a saturated monocarboxylic acid, recurrent units (B) from diisobutylene and recurrent units (C) from an unsaturated .alpha.,.beta.-dicarboxylic compound.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydrotreatment process for petroleum cuts, in order to achieve simultaneously their desulfurization and the improvement of their flow properties.The process comprises treating the cuts in the presence of a catalytic system based on a zeolitic crystalline silico aluminate of the offretite type, wherein the synthetic offretite used has a crystalline structure identical to natural offretite and has the chemical formula (M.sub.1 M.sub.2 . . . ).sub.2 (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) (SiO.sub.2).sub.y in which y is comprised between 10 and 50, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are selected from among cations of group I and II of the Periodic Table of Elements and this offretite is associated with a bimetallic catalyst comprising a mixture of an oxide or sulfide of a metal selected from among the group comprising chromium, molybdenum and tungsten with an oxide or a sulfide of a metal selected from among the group comprising iron, cobalt and nickel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the regeneration of an aromatization catalyst containing a metal of Group VIII supported on zeolite, the process being such that the catalyst is subjected to combustion, and then to oxychloration.According to the invention, the oxychloration step is followed by a hydratation step.The treatment according to the invention increases the selectivity of the regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A device for igniting a torch by means of pyrotechnical cartridges, wherein each cartridge is placed in a casing located at a first distance of one to ten meters from the geometrical axis of the torch and at a second distance of two to twenty meters below the orifice of said torch, said casing being provided with a cover adapted to be moved from a closed position wherein the cartridges within the casing are contained in a thermally isolated tight compartment to an open position wherein each cartridge is aimed at a selected point located on the torch axis at a third distance of one to ten meters above the torch orifice, said second distance being greater than said third distance, and said first, second and third distances being selected in such a manner that a/(b+c) has a value comprised between tangent 45.degree. and tangent 20.degree., wherein a represents said first distance, b represents said second distance, and c represents said third distance.

Abstract: N-substituted succinimides are obtained by reacting in a first stage, maleic anhydride with an oxyalkylated or polyoxyalkylated monoalcohol of formulaR.sup.1 --O--A.sub.n OHwherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic radical having from 12 to 25 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 1 to 50, and by further reacting the reaction product of the first stage either with a monoprimary amine of formulaR.sup.2 --X--Z.sub.m NH.sub.2or a bi-primary amine of the formulaH.sub.2 N--Z--NH.sub.p H,wherein R.sup.2 is an aliphatic radical having from 8 to 25 carbon atoms, Z is an alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, X is --NH-- or --O--, m is an integer from 0 to 4 and p an integer from 2 to 6.The resultant succinimides are useful as anti-rust and detergent additives for motor fuels.

Abstract: Monofunctional dehydrocyclization catalyst of paraffins, characterized in that it contains: 0.1 to 1.5% platinum, o.1 to 1.5% rhenium incorporated in the form of carbonyl, a small proportion of sulphur introduced by a sulphur compound reducible or decomposable by hydrogen such that the ratio x of the number of sulphur atoms to the number of platinum and rhenium atoms deposited on the catalyst be comprised between 0.05 and 0.6, the carrier being constituted by a zeolitic crystalline aluminosilicate compensated in more than 90% by alkaline cations having a pore diameter of more than 6.5 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum fractions containing paraffins which comprises passing said charge in the presence of hydrogen at 400.degree. C.-550.degree. C. over a catalyst containing from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhenium, iridium, tin and germanium and containing sulfur in a sulfur/metals atomic ratio of from 0 to less than 1, supported on a crystalline, aluminum silicate zeolite containing alkaline cations, said zeolite having a pore dimension larger than 6.5 Angstroms, wherein the catalysts are in fixed beds in two reactors or sets of reactors arranged in parallel and operate at a pressure on the order of from 0.5 to 8 absolute bars wherein when a reactor set (DHC.sub.1 ) is producing aromatic hydrocarbons the other reactor set (DHC.sub.2 ) is swept by the hydrogen produced by the first reactor set (DHC.sub.

Abstract: This process consists in adding to gas oil from 100 to 5000 ppm of water in the form of a micellar clear and limped solution, which is stable for long times, obtained by the addition of one or more surfactants, associated with one or more auxiliary surface-active agents (co-surfactants). This invention substantially improves the combustion of gas oils.