Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte type secondary battery comprises a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium, a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium, a non-aqueous electrolyte which contains a lithium salt, and a container for accommodating the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the electrolyte. The negative electrode is formed by pressing a foam metal or a fibrous sintered metal which contains nickel as a principal component thereof and which is filled with a mixture of a binder and a carbon material capable of occluding and releasing lithium. The negative electrode has a thickness of not less than 0.1 mm and a porosity of 20 to 50%.

Abstract: An electric apparatus with a power supply including a electric double layer capacitor capable of being charged in a short time and supplying a constant electric power with a high power efficiency, and in a peak load type electric apparatus such as an electric automobile, a long time small power output and a short time large power output can be derived as required. For a constant load type electric apparatus, electric power is supplied from an electric double layer capacitor of a power supply, and is stabilized to a constant voltage by a switching regulator, and for a peak load type electric apparatus, a power supply is made by connecting a first electric double layer capacitor of a high energy density type to a second electric double layer capacitor of a high power density type via a current output type switching regulator, and the second capacitor is charged with electric power in the first capacitor through the switching regulator.

Abstract: An electric power storage apparatus is formed of a plurality of series-connected cells to obtain a desired working voltage, each of the cells being constituted by one electric double-layer capacitor or a plurality of electric double-layer capacitors connected. The plurality of cells are series-connected so that the combined withstanding voltage is not lower than Vr+Vs where Vr represents the working voltage of the cells and Vs represents the withstanding voltage of one of the cells. The apparatus further includes connectors for detachably holding each of the cells respectively, and a circuit in which a diode is connected in parallel to each of the cells, so that a failed one of the cells can be detached and replaced by a new one while the working voltage of the cells is kept within a tolerance limit.

Abstract: A method for chemically etching an aluminum foil for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, which comprises immersing the aluminum foil in an etching solution containing a polymer electrolyte having cation exchange groups dissociable in the etching solution.

Abstract: A method for etching an aluminum foil for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, which comprises immersing the aluminum foil in an etching solution containing a polymer electrolyte having cation exchange groups dissociable in the etching solution, and applying an electric current thereto.

Abstract: A polarizable electrode for an electric double layer capacitor, composed of a continuously micro-porous structure of a fluorine-containing polymer resin with a fine carbon powder incorporated therein, wherein said structure includes a numerous fine nodes of the resin and fine fibers of the resin three dimensionally connecting the nodes so that the nodes are partially in contact with or connected to one another, and the fine carbon powder is contained substantially in the nodes.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a dielectric oxide layer and a solid electrolyte layer of a conductive polymer compound formed thereon, wherein said conductive polymer compound is a conductive polymer compound doped with at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid monoesters, phosphoric acid diesters and salts thereof.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element and an electrolyte impregnated to the element, wherein the electrolyte comprises a reaction product of citraconic acid with trialkylamine dissolved in a solvent selected from the group consisting of lactones, glycols and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor comprising a casing and polarizable electrodes and an electrolyte solution accommodated in the casing and utilizing an electric double layer formed by the interface of the electrolyte solution and the polarizable electrodes, characterized in that at least the portion of the casing which is in contact with the electrolyte solution at the anode side is made of an alloy steel consisting essentially of from 50 to 75.3% by weight of Fe, from 10.0 to 35.0% by weight of Cr, from 0 to 25.0% by weight of Ni, from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of Mo and from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight of N.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element and an electrolyte impregnated to the element, wherein the electrolyte comprises benzoic acid or its salt and an aliphatic saturated dibasic carboxylic acid having an odd number of carbon atoms or its salt.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element and an electrolyte impregnated to the element, wherein the electrolyte contains a flurorocarboxylic acid or its salt as a solute dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element and an electrolyte impregnated to the element, wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic polar solvent and a solute dissolved in the solvent, said solute being selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid, a quaternary ammonium salt of cycloalkene carboxylic acid and a quaternary ammonium salt of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor utilizing an electric double layer formed by the interface of an electrolyte solution and polarizable electrodes, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises a quaternary phosphonium salt of the formula I dissolved in an organic solvent: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, provided that not all of R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 are hydrogen atoms, and X is BF.sub.4, PF.sub.6 , ClO.sub.4, AsF.sub.6, SbF.sub.6, AlCl.sub.4 or R.sub.f SO.sub.3 wherein R.sub.f is a fluoroalkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor utilizing an electric double layer formed by the interface of an electrolyte solution and polarizable electrodes, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises a solute dissolved in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of sulfolane and a derivative thereof.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element and an electrolyte impregnated to the element, wherein the electrolyte contains a fluorocarboxylic acid or its salt as a solute dissolved in an organic solvent.