Abstract: A device for hardening the surface of a workpiece, wherein an energy supply part and a working part each include a magnetic core, wherein the magnetic cores are at a small distance from each other such that electrical energy is transmitted contactlessly from the energy supply part of the inductor to the working part of the inductor, and wherein the working part includes a heating conductor branch for inductive heating of a section of the surface of the workpiece; a control instrument coupled to the inductor, wherein the control instrument displaces the working part relative to the surface to be hardened and relative to the energy supply part, and wherein the magnetic core of the working part is displaced relative to the magnetic core of the energy supply part; and an electrical energy supply connected to the energy supply part of the inductor.

Abstract: An inductor is provided for the simultaneous inductive heating of two tracks or ways which are formed next to one another on a metallic workpiece, having a first segment which is associated with the first track or way and a second segment which is associated with the second track or way, and having two supply arms via which the segments can be connected to a power supply. To enable two tracks or ways to be heated simultaneously to the hardening temperature without heating the material portion situated between the tracks or ways the segments of the inductor and the supply arms are connected together in an inductor in such a way that the fields travelling at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the tracks or ways neutralize each other in the region of the material portion which separates the tracks or ways from one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for hardening the surface F of a cylindrical workpiece section Z which has an undercut H1, H2, the device having an inductor 2 which has a heating conductor branch 26 extending in the circumferential direction of the surface F to be hardened for inductive heating of the section Z, a control instrument 35, 36 for pressing the heating conductor branch 26 into the undercut H1, H2, and an energy supply 3 which electrically supplies the inductor 2.

Abstract: A device is provided having at least one inductor for the inductive heating of a zone formed in a metallic workpiece, which zone is adjoined by a narrow material portion which is to be protected against heating up. To enable two tracks or ways arranged next to one another to be heated simultaneously without the portion of material situated between the tracks or ways being heated throughout to this temperature in the process, the invention provides a cooling means which delivers a cooling fluid onto that material portion of the workpiece which is to be protected against heating up. The device is particularly suitable for the simultaneous inductive heating of two tracks or ways which are formed on a workpiece next to one another and at a distance from one another and which are separated by a narrow material portion.

Abstract: An inductor is provided for the simultaneous inductive heating of two tracks or ways which are formed next to one another on a metallic workpiece, having a first segment which is associated with the first track or way and a second segment which is associated with the second track or way, and having two supply arms via which the segments can be connected to a power supply. To enable two tracks or ways to be heated simultaneously to the hardening temperature without heating the material portion situated between the tracks or ways the segments of the inductor and the supply arms are connected together in an inductor in such a way that the fields travelling at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the tracks or ways neutralize each other in the region of the material portion which separates the tracks or ways from one another.

Abstract: A procedure for hardening at least one surface (S, L) of a wall (W) of a component (T), in which the surface to be hardened (S, L) is inductively heated with at least one inductor (2), in which liquid is filled into a gap (P) between the surface to be hardened (S, L) and the inductor (2) while heating the surface to be hardened (S, L), in which the side (AS) of the wall (W) opposite the side (IS) of the wall (W) provided with the surfaces to be hardened (S, L) is sprayed with liquid while heating the surface to be hardened (S, L), and in which at least one liquid jet (KI) is aimed at a zone (RZ) of the wall (W) that is adjacent to the surface to be hardened (S, L), and to be precluded from heating by the inductor (2). The procedure according to the invention makes it possible to tailor the hardening of at least one surface to the respective requirements, even on the walls of complexly shaped components with a small wall thickness.

Abstract: This invention relates to a procedure for hardening the bearing surfaces (H1,H2,H3,H4) of a shaft or axle, in particular a crankshaft (2) or camshaft, in which the bearing surfaces (H1-H4) to be hardened are hardened sequentially with the shaft or axle turning around their longitudinal axis (L) by means of a heating and quenching device (3), in which the distortion of the shaft or axle that arises in the area of the respective bearing surface (H1) during the course of hardening is determined, in which the shaft or axle is supported by at least one supporting device (9) during hardening of a bearing surface (H1-H6), which is placed against a previously hardened bearing surface (H1), and in which the setting of the supporting device (9) is regulated taking into account the distortion determined for the bearing surface (H1), against which the supporting device (9) is placed, and a device which enables hardening of crankshafts with a minimal distortion.

Abstract: An apparatus for hardening cylindrical bearing faces (L) of a shaft (K), wherein at least one of the transitional radii (R1, R2) to the adjoining shaft portions (W1, W2) is constructed recessed, includes a pair of inductive heating units (1, 2), which are each formed at least by one inductor (3, 4) having two spaced-out heating conductor branches (20, 22; 21, 23); an adjusting device (11, 12) for adjusting the inductors (3, 4) simultaneously from the radial direction (R) on to the bearing face (L) to be hardened and a second adjusting device (13, 14) for moving at least the inductor (3, 4) associated with the recessed radius R1, R2) after application to the bearing face (L) by a movement directed axis-parallel with the longitudinal axis (X) of the shaft (K) in the direction of the recessed transitional radius (R1, R2) until its outer heating conductor branch (20) has moved into the particular transitional radius (R1, R2).

Abstract: A method for simultaneously hardening a group of cams on a camshaft comprises first heating the group of cams at low power for at least one heating interval, then pausing the heating for a pause interval during which no power is applied to the group of cams, and then subsequently heating the group of cams at high power for one heating interval. The pause intervals, during which no power is applied to the group of cams, are sufficient as to allow heat stored in the cams to distribute uniformly throughout the cams. Each group of cams is hardened by a linear inductor and the regions of the camshafts that are not to be hardened are shielded by a cooling device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating the surfaces (I) of bore holes in components, in particular for treating the running paths (I) of cylinder bores (B1, B2, B3, B4) in engine blocks (M) by means of a laser beam (X) which is directed by deviation optics (100) to the surface (I) to be treated; and to a device suitable for the same treatment purpose which allows the treatment of surfaces of component bore holes with increased precision and with improved efficiency at low expenditure. The method according to the invention is characterised in that during the treatment process the component (M) is rotated around an axis of rotation aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bore hole to be treated, with the deviation optics (100) being stationary; and in that unbalanced masses occurring during rotation of the component (M) are balanced by balancing masses (21, 22).

Abstract: The invention relates to the rotary and simultaneous electroinductive hardening of the bearing surfaces (2a; 3a) of crank pins (2; 3) of a crankshaft (1) disposed immediately one beside the other and offset in relation to one another in the axial direction (D), having inductors (10; 11) which each engage around the crank pins (2; 3) by a maximum of 180.degree. and which each have two inductor branches (12, 13; 14, 15) arranged in parallel and following the curvature of the bearing surfaces (2a; 3a), of which one branch is associated with the overlapping zone (5) of the crank pins (2; 3), the other branch being associated with the particular other edge zone (2b; 3b) of the crank pin (2; 3) associated therewith, the inductor branches (12, 13; 14, 15) of each inductor (10; 11) having in the axial direction (D) a distance (A) increased in relation to half the total width (B) of the crank pins (2; 3).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the guiding of workkpieces (2) which has at least one curved guideway (11, 12) and which renders automatic emptying simple. This is achieved according to the invention by a guide device (16, 17) which can be adjusted in the guide path provided by the curved guideway (11, 12) and which in the state adjusted into the guide path transfers the workpieces (2) in a straight line from the inlet (50) of the curved guideway (11, 12) to its outlet (51).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for the hardening of elongate workpieces by means of an inductor 19. The apparatus comprises a rotary ring 3 mounted to rotate around a horizontal axis in a hardening basin 1 and having a number of retaining devices 11 by means of which each of individual workpieces 16 is retained horizontally and rotatably around its longitudinal axis. To improve the hardening result and increase the degree of automation of the apparatus and process, associated with each retaining device 11 for connection to a central driving shaft 2 is an adjustable clutch-brake unit 7, and the retaining device 11 is drivable by the driving shaft 2 in a first position, is uncoupled from the driving shaft 2 and freely rotatable in a second position and is braked in relation to the rotary ring 3 in a third position. By these steps each of the workpieces 16 disposed on the rotary ring 3 can perform rotary movements independently of one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for hardening the surface of workpieces of different lengths, having: two clamping heads and a rotary drive, for clamping and rotating the workpiece to be hardened; inductors for the electroinductive heating of the workpiece surface; and a quenching spray.The characterizing feature of the invention is that disposed on opposite sides of the workpiece with provision for displacement in relation to one another in the direction of the workpiece axis for adaptation to the particular workpiece length are two line inductors (1a, 1b), each having two parallel conductor portions (2a, 2b) and end portions (5, 6) which are bent at right angles and an end portion (6a, 6b) of each of which extends arcuately or polygonally, more particularly at right angles, over the workpiece (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a parallel oscillatory circuit frequency converter comprising: a rectifier (1); an inverse rectifier (4) having thyristors disposed in a bridge circuit; a parallel oscillatory circuit (5) having an inductance (L) and a series connection of two capacitors (C, C.sub.K) whereby one capacitor (C) is connected to the load points of the bridge circuit; and a gate-controlled turn-off time control device (6) for the alternate firing (switching) of the thyristors a, b forming the particular diagonally adjacent bridge branches with a cycle frequency adapted to maintain a minimum turn-off time, a safety firing circuit (24, 25) controlled by a detector circuit (11-23) to detect incorrect switching delivering firing pulses without delay to all the thyristors at least until all the thyristors are current-carrying.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the electrochemical processing of workpieces. The apparatus comprises a processing electrode (2) adjustable in relation to the workpiece (1) and a supply unit (3) for the electric working value supplied to the workpiece (1). The store (8) comprises in the form of digital measured values the course in time during processing of the working value detected by a measuring system (5). In a comparison stage (7) the stored course in time of the working value, serving as a required value, is compared with the course delivered by the measuring system (5) (actual value), and a control signal is delivered to the supply unit (3) when a given difference between the required and actual values is exceeded.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for regenerating electrolytes containing sodium nitrate for use in the electrochemical working of metallic workpieces within the pH range from 4 to 12.Iron (III) nitrate is added to the electrolyte in the working cycle in such an amount that the hydrolysates are predominantly precipitated in coarse flocculent form. Flocculents may be added to the electrolyte.

Abstract: The apparatus relates to an excess-current monitoring device in a direct-current generator having a controlled rectifier, and is particularly useful for electro-chemical machining. A reference signal is generated by a signal generator in accordance with the voltage drive of the rectifier and the mean current supplied to the load. The reference signal is supplied to a comparator which supplies a current-switch-off-signal when the value of the reference signal as compared to the instantaneous load current indicates excess mean load current. This enables optimum machining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phase-adjusting device for the inverter, having controllable semiconductors, of a parallel-resonant circuit frequency converter. The phase-adjusting device, operating on the PLL principle, compares a signal derived from the inverter output voltage and a signal delayed by a predetermined amount in relation to the control pulses of the oscillator 1 to a phase-comparing stage. In dependence on the phase comparison of the two signals, the oscillator frequency is so adjusted that the inverter output voltage and the inverter output current are in phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a parallel resonant-circuit converter having at least one intermediate-circuit inductance. In order to guarantee that the inverter will start even with different loads, the voltage produced when discharging a separately charged capacitor across the load is monitored. At some time after the maximum voltage across the load is reached, another separately charged capacitor is discharged via a thyristor of the inverter located in the biasing circuit of the intermediate-circuit inductance. Because of the blocked thyristor and of the capacitor charged to the voltage maximum, the biasing current is forced to flow via diagonal branches and including the load. In this manner, reliable starting of the inverter is possible even with loads having a different natural frequency.