Abstract: Continuous ceramic (e.g., silicon carbide) nanofibers (502, 602, 604, 606, 608, 702, 704, 1102, 1104) which are optionally p or n type doped are manufactured by electrospinning a polymeric ceramic precursor to produce fine strands of polymeric ceramic precursor which are then pyrolized. The ceramic nanofibers may be used in a variety of applications not limited to reinforced composite materials (400), thermoelectric generators (600, 700) and high temperature particulate filters (1200).

Abstract: A loading spout hoist mechanism comprises a multiple monospiral winch drum. The drum is located under the top of the loading spout, and the loading spout passes through it. The multiple monospiral winch drum is supported on two rings, the first of which is located inside the second. The first ring is fixed to the loading spout support frame, and the second ring is journalled to first one. The second ring also carries a ring gear, which may comprise gear teeth machined into the ring, or a separate ring gear attached to the second ring. The loading spout support frame carries a pinion drive mechanism which engages the ring gear, and can rotate the second ring in either direction, to raise and to lower the loading spout by winding in or out the loading spout support cables carried in each monospiral of the winch drum. In a modification, the loading spout is attached to the support frame by motorised pin mechanisms.