Abstract: A turbulence inducing device is described. Embodiments of the device include a nozzle (135), a vessel assembly (110), and an obstructer (140). The vessel assembly typically includes an open ended main channel (115) surrounded by a housing. In typical operation, fluid under positive pressure is forced through the nozzle into the main channel. Disposed at the main channel outlet, the obstructer is adapted to deflect the flowing fluid and induce turbulence that can result in cavitation when the fluid is a liquid. When the liquid includes water, cavitation can result in production of reactive species that oxidatively modify contaminants in the water. Embodiments of the turbulence inducing device can be used to reduce contamination of produced water, the produced water arising from hydrocarbon extraction or exploration.

Abstract: A turbulence inducing device is described. Embodiments of the device include a nozzle (135), a vessel assembly (110), and an obstructer (140). The vessel assembly typically includes an open ended main channel (115) surrounded by a housing. In typical operation, fluid under positive pressure is forced through the nozzle into the main channel. Disposed at the main channel outlet, the obstructer is adapted to deflect the flowing fluid and induce turbulence that can result in cavitation when the fluid is a liquid. When the liquid includes water, cavitation can result in production of reactive species that oxidatively modify contaminants in the water. Embodiments of the turbulence inducing device can be used to reduce contamination of produced water, the produced water arising from hydrocarbon extraction or exploration.