Abstract: Compounds, formulations, and methods are provided containing the choline ester of a reducing agent, especially lipoic acid or derivatives thereof. The compounds may be administered via a topical ocular route to treat or prevent oxidative damage.

Abstract: Compositions containing low doses of lipoic acid-based active agents and methods for using the same are provided. In particular, compositions containing low dose lipoic acid, lipoic acid derivatives, and lipoic acid seleno-derivatives and are provided to prevent and/or treat ocular diseases.

Abstract: Dithiol compounds and derivatives thereof are disclosed. The agents are useful for treating ocular disease, especially presbyopia and cataract.

Abstract: Novel mercaptan compounds, particularly those including a photolabile protecting group, are described as well as methods of using the compounds for the prevention and treatment of ocular damage and disease.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and pharmacological or biological compositions to treat presbyopia in the human eye. According to the embodiments, pharmacological or biological compositions may be applied to or injected into an eye to effect a change in the accommodative ability of the eye by the breaking and reduction of lenticular bonds in the eye that may be responsible for presbyopia. The compositions may be applied in an inactive state and subsequently be activated to achieve a therapeutic effect. The application of energy may be used to either break the oxidized lenticular bonds and/or to activate one or more of the pharmacological or biological agents. The energy may be used in a focus treatment pattern to affect a change in the refractive characteristics of the eye and thereby reduce inherent optical distortions.