Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst composition for use in a nitrogen oxide removal unit (DeNOx), a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) unit, as well as a diesel exhaust after-treatment system comprising the same. In the diesel exhaust after-treatment system, the catalyzed ceramic filter ha s a low balance point temperature, and thus it can be operated even at low temperatures without an increase in back pressure. At a lower temperature, it can be continuously regenerated by the injection of heated light oil without applying excessive load to engines. Also, it can efficiently remove carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon with a high efficiency at low temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a seat or chair cooling apparatus. In an embodiment the seat cooling apparatus cools the back of a user without the need of forced air. The seat cooling apparatus includes an array of conduits held in place by a set of supports to form a heat exchanger. Heat from the contact surfaces is removed by free convection, an upward air movement due to density difference. When the seat cooling apparatus is in the preferred substantially vertical arrangement, the warm air exiting the conduits is replaced by cooler air entering the conduits. A seat securing attachment secures the heat exchanger components to a seat. The seat cooling apparatus shapes into the back of the user to provide comfort that is effective in cooling. The seat cooling apparatus can be light weight, portable, and occupies little space, can be quickly installed and removed, easily cleaned and is very low cost to manufacture.