Abstract: Apparatus and methods for closing an access hole in a heart. The apparatus may include a heart plug that may include an absorbent mass that applies pressure to myocardial tissue in the access hole by absorption of fluid. The mass may have a length selected to match a length of the hole or to exceed the length of the hole by a predetermined amount. The mass may have an unexpanded state. The mass may have an expanded state. The expanded state may be a state in which the plug is partially saturated or saturated with a fluid. The mass may have an unexpanded state diameter that is selected for both rapid occlusion of the hole and sliding clearance within a delivery catheter having an outside diameter sized for traversal of the hole. The mass may include a matrix. The matrix may define interstitial space for absorption of the fluid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for endovascular, endocardiac, or endoluminal approaches to a patient's heart to perform surgical procedures that may be performed or used without requiring extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, these procedures can be performed through a relatively small number of small incisions. These procedures may illustratively include heart valve implantation, heart valve repair, resection of a diseased heart valve, replacement of a heart valve, repair of a ventricular aneurysm, repair of an arrhythmia, repair of an aortic dissection, etc. Such minimally invasive procedures are preferably performed transapically (i.e., through the heart muscle at its left or right ventricular apex).

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for pacing the heart. The apparatus may include, and the methods may involve, an elongated member having: a delivery lumen that is configured to traverse the heart wall, the lumen having a proximal opening for receiving the instrument and a distal opening for deploying the instrument; and an electrically conductive member that is configured to deliver to the heart wall a current that modifies a contraction frequency. The apparatus may include an access opening closure device that has: a distal end that is configured to be disposed interior the heart and contact endocardial tissue adjacent the access opening; and a proximal end that is configured to be disposed exterior the heart and contact heart tissue adjacent the access opening; and an electrode that is configured to discharge electrical energy into the heart wall to change the frequency. The apparatus may include an injectable needle pacing electrode.