Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calibrating and/or adjusting an analytical device for chemical substances. A predetermined concentration of a chemical substance in a reference liquid is measured by mixing the reference liquid with a reagent for producing a color change, followed by irradiating with light of a predetermined wavelength. Based on the absorption of the light by the reference liquid, a concentration is determined, which is compared with the predetermined concentration of the reference liquid. In the case of which a calibrating and/or adjusting associated with the measurement process is possible without long interruptions of the measurement process, the predetermined concentration of the reference liquid is gained by mixing at least two standard, which contain different concentrations of the chemical substance.

Abstract: A measuring transducer embodied to produce and output a measurement signal dependent on an activity of a target ion present in a measured medium, wherein the measuring transducer has, in a region provided for contact with the measured medium, at least one membrane conducting the target ion; wherein the measuring transducer has a first potential sensing element and a second potential sensing element, and wherein at least one section of the second potential sensing element is arranged in the interior of the membrane and the first potential sensing element is arranged in an inner electrolyte, which is separated from the measured medium by the membrane and is in contact with the membrane.

Abstract: An analytical device for automated determining of a measured variable of a measured liquid, including: a measuring cell; a measuring transducer; a control unit; a system of liquid lines; a first liquid container which is connected to the measuring cell via a first liquid path; a second liquid container, which is connected to the measuring cell via a second liquid path, liquid path can be blocked by means of at least a second valve; wherein a first pump is associated with the first liquid container; and wherein a second pump (different from the first pump) for transport of liquid along the second liquid path is associated with the second liquid container; and wherein the analytical device has a central valve switching mechanism, especially controllable by the control unit, for actuating the first valve and the second valve.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a chemical or physical, process variable in automation technology, comprising: a superordinated control unit; and a transmitter electronics having a first interface, a second interface and a third interface. The transmitter electronics communicates with the superordinated control unit by means of the first interface via a bus protocol. The transmitter electronics can be connected with a service unit via the second interface; and the third interface has a plurality of data channels for corresponding data source components; and wherein individual data channels are addressable and tunable via the service unit as a function of the connected data source components, so that data selected from the data for the connected data source components can be transmitted at the same time in at least one telegram to the superordinated control unit.

Abstract: A method for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium by the utilization of at least of an electrochemical sensor comprising at least a first reference half cell and a second reference half cell, and comprising the method steps as follows: measuring a first electrical measured variable X1, cont with a first measuring period t1, meas and a first measuring interval t1, int with reference to the first reference half cell; measuring at least a second electrical measured variable X2, discont with a second measuring period t2, meas and a second measuring interval t2, int with reference to the second reference half cell; wherein the second measuring interval t2, int is greater than the first measuring interval t1, int; and determining the at least one process variable from at least one electrical measured variable X1, cont or X2, discont. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electrochemical sensor and to a system.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of an inductive sensor, wherein coils are placed on both sides of a support plate surrounding an opening of the support plate, and the support plate with the coils is inserted into a housing. A sleeve is inserted through a first cavity of the housing through the opening of the support plate into the housing. In order to achieve a secure and temperature independent joint between the sleeve and the housing, the sleeve (5) is welded with the housing (2).

Abstract: A contacting system, comprising: an essentially cylindrical contact body having at least a first opening, a second opening and a contact body interior between the first opening and the second opening. The first opening is embodied for accommodating the cable, wherein a holding element is provided in the contact body interior and is so embodied that it produces contact between the first conductor and the contact body. A sealing element is provided at the first opening and is so embodied that it seals off the contact body interior from the medium.

Abstract: A two-part sensor composed of a sensor head and a sensor-head counterpart, testing is performed as to whether a correct sensor head is connected with the sensor-head counterpart.

Abstract: An electronic circuit comprising a rectifier which passes only one polarity of a carrier signal; at least one filter, subsequent to the rectifier, for the suppression of at least one frequency range of the carrier signal; a voltage matching network, subsequent to the filter, which is embodied so that it matches the voltage of the desired signal, and leads to one of the two inputs of a comparator, wherein an output of the comparator is switched, depending on the difference between the two inputs, and a feedback network connected in parallel with the comparator, wherein the feedback network connects one of the two inputs of the comparator with the output of the comparator, the feedback network comprises a high-pass characteristic. The invention furthermore comprises a method for the recovering of desired signals from a carrier signal by demodulation and a modem.

Abstract: A method for operating an analytical apparatus for determining concentration of an analyte, especially an oxidizable substance, in a sample liquid, comprises the steps of: placing the analytical apparatus in maintenance operation; operating a metering system, which includes a pump, especially a peristaltic pump, and a supply line, for metering single volume units of a sample liquid from a source via the supply line into a reactor, wherein there exists in the reactor a temperature, which is greater than the boiling temperature of the sample liquid, so that a volume unit of the sample liquid metered into the reactor transforms at least partially into the gas phase following entry into the reactor, especially due to heat transfer from contact with a surface within the reactor, especially directly after contact with the surface within the reactor, and wherein a carrier gas is flowing through the reactor; registering at least one measuring transducer signal for detection of the transforming of the volume unit of t

Abstract: In a conductive conductivity sensor having a probe, which is immersible in a measured medium and which comprises at least two electrodes made of a first, electrically conductive material and at least one probe body made of a second, electrically non-conductive material, the electrodes are at least partially embedded in the probe body and insulated from one another by the probe body, wherein the electrodes and the probe body are embodied as a composite workpiece. There especially exists between the first material and the second material in at least one section of a material transition between the first and the second material a secure bond, especially a bond based on intermolecular interactions or chemical bonds.

Abstract: A field device for automation technology, wherein the field device has a metal housing for accommodating a field device electronics, an RFID chip and a first RFID antenna for wireless communication and/or energy transmission between an RFID reading device arranged outside of the field device. The first RFID antenna is spaced from a neighboring wall of the metal housing, wherein shielding is provided between the first RFID antenna and the neighboring wall of the metal housing. The separation between the first RFID antenna and the wall of the metal housing and the shielding between the first RFID antenna and the neighboring wall of the metal housing are so dimensioned, that the metal housing does not prevent wireless communication and/or energy transmission between the RFID reading device and the field device.

Abstract: A conductivity sensor, comprising an electrode structure of four concentric electrodes, which are arranged on an end face of a support body. The electrodes are electrically insulated from one another. The electrodes have an equal, constant area in order to claim a space requirement as small as possible for the electrode structure.

Abstract: A method for start-up of a measuring device, which is embodied to monitor by means of at least one measuring transducer in contact with the interior of a process container, especially of a single-use container, a measured variable of a medium contained in the process container, wherein, for ascertaining a measured value, at least one measurement signal of the measuring transducer is mapped to a measured value of the measured variable according to a predetermined characteristic curve, wherein the method includes: introducing a process medium into the process container; bringing the measuring transducer in contact with the process medium; and performing a one-point calibrating of the measuring device based on a measurement signal registered by the measuring transducer in the process medium or a measured value derived therefrom based on the characteristic curve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring volume flow rate of a liquid flowing into a container and/or volume of the liquid flowed into the container, with which method, respectively with which apparatus a high measure of automation is achievable in microfluidic systems, especially in the field of analysis. Before liquid flows in, gas is enclosed under a starting pressure in a predetermined starting volume in the container, then liquid is allowed to flow into the container to compress the enclosed gas to a gas volume dependent on the volume of the flowed-in liquid, and to effect a rise of gas pressure of the gas in the container relative to the starting pressure dependent on the volume of liquid which has flowed in and on the volume flow rate of the inflowing liquid, the gas pressure in the container is measured as a function of time, and the volume flowed in up to a given time and/or the volume flow rate of inflowing liquid at the given time are/is determined based on the measured gas pressure.

Abstract: A method for determining residual coupling of an inductive, conductivity sensor, in which the conductivity sensor is surrounded by a measured medium and an equivalent impedance of the medium is calibrated with a variable compensation impedance. The variable compensation impedance and the equivalent impedance of the medium act on a measuring coil of the conductivity sensor with a phase shift of 180°. In order to be able to perform a measuring of the residual coupling with a high accuracy of measurement at any time during operation of the conductivity sensor, the variable compensation impedance is varied until an output voltage of the measuring coil of the conductivity sensor assumes a minimum voltage; wherein the minimum voltage corresponds to the residual coupling of the inductive, conductivity sensor.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the concentration of water borne substances in an aqueous medium, by introducing a defined amount of the aqueous medium into a gas circulatory system of an analytical apparatus which extends through a high temperature reaction chamber and a measuring chamber. The introducing of the aqueous medium occurs upstream of the high temperature reaction chamber or into it. The aqueous medium is evaporated in the high temperature reaction chamber, the water borne substance with at least one reaction partner in the high temperature reaction chamber reacts to a gaseous reaction product, and a current value of a measured variable is registered, which is a function of the concentration of the chemical species of the reaction product in the gas circulatory system.

Abstract: In a method and in an apparatus for transmission of energy and data, with a primary side, on which an amplifier is arranged, with a secondary side, on which a data source, e.g. a measuring sensor, is arranged, and with a plug-together assembly inductively coupling, galvanically completely isolated, the primary side and the secondary side, to minimize power losses and disturbing influences of fluctuating parameters, power from the plug-together assembly and from the amplifier, preferably a Class-E-amplifier, is controlled to a predeterminable, desired value. For this, a microcontroller taps the primary voltage on the primary winding and produces for the amplifier a controlled operating voltage as well as a controlled operating frequency, in order to keep the working point of the amplifier always in the optimal region.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus, especially a measuring apparatus suitable for application in industrial process measurements technology for making measurements of physical or chemical, measured variables in a closed process container under increased pressure, comprising: a measuring probe, which has a probe shaft, especially a cylindrical probe shaft; and a securement apparatus to affix the measuring probe at a measuring point, wherein the securement apparatus comprises a sleeve, which at least sectionally accommodates probe shaft, wherein the measuring probe has a securement collar connected to the probe shaft; the securement collar is held, especially shape interlocked, between a coupling jacket releasably secured in sleeve and a counterbearing formed within sleeve, characterized in that, a first abutment surface is formed within the coupling jacket, and a second abutment surface, which lies opposite the first abutment surface, is formed on measuring probe.