Abstract: A method for limit level monitoring with a radiometric limit switch. A detector measures discrete radiation intensities. Statistical distributions of radiation intensities in a state, free of medium, and in a state, covered by medium, are given by two Poisson distributions.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring pressure. The apparatus comprises at least one pressure transducer, which transduces pressure into an electrical signal. The invention includes the features that at least one acoustic sensor is provided, that the acoustic sensor registers acoustic signals and transduces such into electrical signals, and that the acoustic sensor is mechanically and/or acoustically coupled with the pressure transducer.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for outputting a measurement signal representing the difference between a first pressure and a second pressure. The apparatus includes a first pressure measuring transducer module for outputting a sequence of first signals representing the first pressure; a second pressure measuring transducer module for producing a sequence of second signals representing the second pressure; an evaluation module for ascertaining a sequence of difference values between the two pressure values and for outputting a sequence of fourth signals, which, in each case, represent the pressure difference; a first cable connection between the first and second pressure measuring transducer module; and a second cable connection between the second pressure measuring transducer module and the evaluation module. The modules are separated spatially from one another.

Abstract: A relative pressure sensor for registering pressure of a medium relative to surrounding atmospheric pressure includes: a pressure measuring cell having a measuring membrane and a platform, wherein pressure of the medium can act on a first side of the measuring membrane facing away from the platform, and wherein the platform has a reference air opening, through which surrounding atmospheric pressure can act on a second side of the measuring membrane facing the platform. A support body, through which a reference air duct extends between a first surface section and a second surface section of the support body is provided, wherein the pressure measuring cell is affixed to the support body with a pressure resistant, bonded adhesive.

Abstract: A radiometric for measuring a physical, measured variable of a fill substance located in a container and for outputting a measurement signal, which corresponds to a measured value of the physical, measured variable. The measuring device has available a single line-pair, via which energy supply of the total measuring device occurs, and via which transmission of the measurement signal occurs.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an elastic deformation body made of an Al2O3 ceramic according to which a highly pure alumina having at most 2000 ppm MgO, at most 200 ppm inorganic impurities, a specific surface of at least 10 m2/g, an average grain size of at most 0.3 ?m is applied. With the alumina and additives, there is produced via aqueous processing a homogeneous mixture, from which a pressable spray granulate is produced, which is formed by means of a uniaxial pressing method to a homogeneous, green body, which is subjected to a sinter process. The resulting elastic deformation body has a bending fracture stress ?c, whose distribution F(?c) is given by the Weibull parameters ?0?800 MPa and m?24, with an average grain size of the sintered material of no more than 2 ?m, and wherein the sintered material of the deformation body has a density of not less than 3.98 g/cm3.

Abstract: A field device for determining and/or monitoring a chemical or physical, process variable in automation technology, which has at least a first electronic or electrical component and a second electronic or electrical component. The first component has an energy transmitting antenna and the second component has an energy receiving antenna. Between the two components a predetermined distance is provided, which sets the first component and the second component apart from one another. The predetermined distance is filled, at least partially, with a dielectric medium. The energy transmitting antenna is so embodied and/or arranged that it supplies the second component with energy continuously or at predetermined time intervals.

Abstract: An apparatus for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium in a container by means of a travel-time measuring method utilizing high-frequency measuring signals. An antenna having an antenna coupling region and an antenna region, or a waveguide having a probe coupling region and a probe measuring region extending into the container is included. Hollow spaces present in the antenna coupling region, in the antenna region, in the probe coupling region and/or in the probe measuring region are filled at least partially with a dielectric filling body. The dielectric filling body has internally at least one, hermetically sealed, reserved volume and the hermetically sealed, reserved volume is so embodied, that the dielectric filling body has a predetermined wave resistance and/or the high-frequency measuring signals have a predetermined propagation characteristic.

Abstract: A tube-equipped, flanged, pressure transfer structure comprises a flange for connecting to a counterflange; a tube, which is secured to the flange; a hydraulic path, which extends from a first opening in a front end surface of the tube facing away from the flange to a second opening in the rear end surface of the flange facing away from the tube; and an isolating diaphragm, which covers the first opening and is connected pressure-tightly with the front end surface of the tube along a peripheral edge, wherein the hydraulic path is filled or fillable with a pressure transfer liquid, in order to transfer a pressure presiding at the isolating diaphragm to the second opening, wherein the tube has a front section having the end surface and a first diameter and an intermediate section with a second diameter, which is less than the first diameter, and wherein the front section is shorter than the intermediate section.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a hand-held machine tool, comprising a drive unit, a gearbox unit, which comprises at least one input shaft and at least one output shaft operatively connected to the input shaft, and a tool holder, which is configured to be driven via the output shaft of the gearbox unit in an oscillating manner about an axis of rotational symmetry of the output shaft. A vibration compensating unit is proposed, which comprises at least one compensating mass which, in order to compensate for a vibration, is driven in at least one operating state against a direction of movement of the tool holder.

Abstract: A device for determining a predetermined fill level of a liquid in a container, with a sensor unit, comprising a unit capable of oscillating mechanically, a transmitter unit, and a receiver unit, which is electrically and mechanically coupled to the transmitter unit, and which transduces the oscillation of the unit capable of oscillating into an electrical receiving signal. An electronic unit, comprising a regulating unit, which regulates a phase difference that exists between the electrical transmission signal and electrical receiving signal to a determined value at which the unit capable of oscillating conducts oscillations at a resonant frequency, and which forms an oscillation circuit with the transmitter unit, receiving unit and the unit capable of oscillating.

Abstract: A circuit for regulating and monitoring a signal current, comprising a regulating circuit; and a monitoring circuit. The regulating circuit comprises: a first controlled voltage source for outputting a target value dependent controlled voltage; a current adjust circuit for adjusting the signal current in dependence on the controlled voltage and a first feedback voltage by means of a potentiometer; and a first feedback path, with at least one first resistance element across which the signal current flows. The voltage drop across the resistance element or one of the voltages of the current adjust circuit dependent thereon is supplied as a first feedback voltage.

Abstract: A composite material comprises a polymer matrix; and zeolite, which is bonded in the polymer matrix; wherein the percent of volume of the zeolite in the volume of the composite material amounts to at least 50%, in particular at least 65%. The polymer matrix can in particular comprise a polymer, which is selected from a group of polymers that consist of fluoroplastics, polyaryletherketones, sulphur-containing polymers and high heat resistant polymers. The zeolite comprises in particular a zeolite of type A, in particular a zeolite 4A or 3A.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for connecting a tube coaxially arranged around a measuring probe in a measuring probe unit of a fill-level measuring device comprising: a cable- or rod-shaped measuring probe and a tube coaxially surrounding the measuring probe. The measuring probe unit is connected to the container by means of a process connection element, wherein the measuring probe and the tube arranged coaxially around the measuring probe for the measuring probe unit are connected releasably to the process connection element. The coaxially arranged tube is connected releasably to the process connection element via a shape interlocking, threaded connection in a defined connection region, and the releasable, shape-interlocking, threaded connection of the coaxially arranged tube to the process connection element is secured by means of a radially directed deformation of the coaxially arranged tube in the defined connection region.

Abstract: A method for determining a value of a measured variable, which is a function of a first auxiliary measured variable and at least a second auxiliary measured variable, comprising: registering and providing a sequence of measured values of the first auxiliary measured variable over at least a first time range; providing a value of the second auxiliary measured variable, wherein the point in time of registering the provided value lies in the first time range; selecting a value of the first auxiliary measured variable from the sequence of measured values of the first auxiliary measured variable as a function of information concerning point in time of registering the provided value of the second auxiliary measured variable; and ascertaining a value of the measured variable as a function of the selected value of the first auxiliary measured variable and the value of the second auxiliary measured variable.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one fill level of a medium in a container comprising: a capacitive or conductive probe unit having at least one electrode; and a control/evaluation unit. The electrode is a hollow body, that an end region of the electrode protruding into the container is embodied as an oscillatable membrane. On an inner side of the membrane a driving/receiving unit is arranged, which excites the membrane to execute mechanical oscillations and receives mechanical oscillations therefrom and converts such into an electrical, received signal. The control/evaluation unit supplies the electrode at least at times with a voltage and determines the fill level of the medium capacitively or conductively, and/or that the control/evaluation unit supplies the driving/receiving unit at least at times with an exciter signal and determines from the electrical received signal the fill level of the medium.

Abstract: A method for determining and/or monitoring a process variable of a medium, wherein a mechanically oscillatable unit is supplied with an exciter signal wherein a received signal coming from the mechanically oscillatable unit is received, and wherein the exciter signal is produced in such a manner, that a phase difference between the exciter signal and the received signal equals a predeterminable phase value. A criterion for judging the determining of the phase difference between the exciter signal and the received signal, or a signal dependent on the exciter signal or on the received signal, is established; in the case, in which the criterion for judging the determining of the phase difference is fulfilled, tuning of the phase difference is closed-loop controlled; and, in the alternative case, tuning of the phase difference is open-loop controlled. An apparatus associated with the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fill-level measuring device for ascertaining and monitoring fill level of a medium located in the process space of a container by means of a microwave travel time measuring method. The device comprises a measurement transmitter and an antenna unit, which is constructed at least of a hollow conductor and a radiating element A microwave transmissive, process isolating element is inserted for process isolation into the hollow conductor between the measurement transmitter and the horn shaped radiating element contacting the process space.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium. The apparatus includes: at least one mechanically oscillatable unit; at least one transducer unit, which excites the mechanically oscillatable unit to mechanical oscillations based on an exciter signal and which receives the mechanical oscillations of the mechanically oscillatable unit and converts such to a received signal. The transducer unit has at least one piezoelectric element. The apparatus further includes: at least one electronics unit, which supplies the transducer unit with the exciter signal and which receives the received signal from the transducer unit; and at least one compensation element, which supplies the exciter signal to the electronics unit and from which the electronics unit receives a compensation signal. The invention provides that the compensation element has at least one at least element made at least partially of a piezoelectric material.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a physical and/or chemical, measured variable of a medium, including a housing, especially an elongated housing, and a sensor arranged in the housing. The sensor serves for registering the measured variable, wherein the housing has at least one opening, through which the sensor comes in contact with the medium. The housing has a first housing section, in which the sensor and a sensor electronics are arranged. The sensor electronics is arranged on a first carrier element. The sensor electronics serves for changing the measured variable into an analog electrical signal. An insert is applied in the first housing section, in which the sensor electronics is arranged. The insert is tubular.