Abstract: A process is described for a water efficient, ecologically acceptable collection, delivery and depositing of slag and flyash from thermal power plants fired with pulverized coal. Slag is allowed to fall into a cooling water basin, conveyed to a condenser where it is combined with coarse flyash, te slag-flyash combination is delivered to a mixing space and combined with fine flyash, thereby forming a homogeneous mixture and the mixture is then circulated under specified conditions to achieve comminution to a predetermine value. Comminuted homogeneous mixtures is then measured continuously for properties of viscosity, quantity and pressure parameters. Information on the parameters is fed to a computer for comparison with preset values. The comminuted homogeneous mixture is then deposited in a deposit space. Any cooling water lost in the collecting-delivering and depositing steps is then replaced. A colloidal material may be added to the comminuted homogeneous mixture during the deposition step.

Abstract: A jet condenser of the type comprising a water chamber in a mixing chamber (24) and an after-cooler (52), wherein the water chamber is subdivided in a narrower upper water chamber portion (38a) and a broader lower water chamber portion (39b). The after-cooler (52) is fixed at the junction (66) of both water chamber portions (38a, 38b). Cooling water is injected into the mixing chamber (24) by nozzles (40) of the upper water chamber portion (38a) where it flows in vertical direction. By the reduced width of the upper water chamber portion (38a) flow resistance of steam flow in the mixing chamber (24) and, thereby, undesired subcooling is substantially diminished. (FIG. 3).

Abstract: Heat exchanger apparatus which includes a substantially horizontal countercurrent heat exchanger of the shell-and-tube type, particularly for hybrid heat pumps operated with non-azeotropic work fluids. The apparatus further includes fluid distributor with fluid outlets the number of which corresponds to the number of the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger is provided upstream the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger tubes of which are connected each to one fluid outlet of the fluid distributor.

Abstract: A dry-operated chimney cooling tower suitable for cooling warm water from a power station and operating with a natural draft, is provided with downstream jalousies to assist in frost protection and energy conservation. These jalousies can be capable of forming a "diving bell" like enclosure around air radiators to contain warmed air therearound.

Abstract: A cooling system for condensing the exhaust steam of steam turbine plants, particularly of power plants, comprises a mixing condenser connected to the outflow of the steam turbine, a dry cooling tower connected to the cooling water circuit of the mixing condenser, and a wet cooling apparatus provided inside the cooling tower.Although wet cooling apparatus seem to be suitable to additionally increase the cooling performance of the cooling tower and, thereby, its effective operation even in case of exceptionally high ambient temperatures, the air exiting from them is cooler than the air flowing in through the main heat exchangers of the cooling tower and, therefore, the draft of the latter suffers deterioration when the two air streams mix one with the other. It means that the effectiveness of complementary cooling is may be impaired.

Abstract: A hydraulic liquid transporter for changing of different pressure and flows prevailing in three chambers that are separated from each other, having a slurry filling pump that has a suction side and a pressure side, the suction side of being connected to a mixture collecting container, the pressure side being connected to a first pressure line, a feeding space having of three feeding chambers being connected from said first pressure line, a discharging forwarding liquid pump having a suction side and a pressure side, the pressure side of the discharging forward liquid pump being connected to a second pressure line which is connected to a mixture delivering line, a discharge forwarding line connecting the suction side of the discharging forwarding liquid pump from the feeding space, a first integral flow reversing device for connection said first pressure line from said discharge forwarding line through said feeding space, a second integral flow reversal device for connecting said second pressure line from said

Abstract: A process for the operation of hybrid compression-absorption heat pumps or refrigerators with the use of fluid medium containing a mixture of differently volatile components (typically two) easily soluble in each other. During heat extraction, in a first counter current heat exchange, vapor of the more volatile component is partially dissolved in the liquid of the less volatile component. Simultaneously, an additional portion of the volatile component is condensed. Importantly, the medium is discharged from the first heat exchange in a stage of incomplete dissolution/condensation of the vapor phase. The combined medium is expanded and absorbs heat in a second counter current heat exchange phase, during which the more volatile component is both expelled from the solution and evaporated.

Abstract: Air condensers are liable to suffer from undercooling which may entail frost damages and represents, in any case, thermo-dynamic losses. In order to prevent undercooling the working length (X) of the cooling surfaces of the air condensers (10) are controlled by shutters (28) which are associated with a drive mechanism (30) operated dependent on the temperature difference of condensates withdrawing from a first and a further row of tubes (18, 20) of the air condensers. By shutters (46) located in a gap (44) between the air condensers (10) the cooling air is enabled to recirculate whereby danger of frost and undesired risings of the temperature level of condensation may be avoided and impeded, respectively. A casing (68) encompassing the air condensers (10) and provided with shutters (64, 66) at its bottom and top permits starting without danger of frost likewise by means of recirculation. (FIG.

Abstract: Shell (e.g. 94) for plate-type apparatus to carry out thermo-dynamic processes based on heat exchange between flowing fluids which comprises spaced heat conductive confining plates (50a, 50b) and fluid conducting passages (56c, 56d, 56e) therebetween. At least one of the confining plates (50a, 50b) is provided with at least one diaphragm (58a, 58b) adjacent to a fluid conducting passage. The diaphragm (58a, 58b) in the confining plates (50a, 50b) ensures, in addition to heat transfer, also interactions of fluid pressures. Thus, positive circulation of fluids, operation of control valves, etc., are rendered possible by structure located within the shells themselves.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for making up feed water for a power station having a steam circuit with a steam turbine /3/ and a feed water circuit with a turbine condenser /5/. The apparatus comprises aregulated multi-stage adiabatic evaporator/5/ produces distillate from raw water for making up the feed water. The heating inlet /8/ of the evaporator /15/ is connected to the stream circuit through an ejector /14/. The distillate outlet /36/ of the evaporator /15/ providing distillated water, is connected to the feed water circuit at the turbine condenser /5/ or after it through water delivering means /19, 20/.

Abstract: A hybrid heat pump wherein the operating medium is a mixture of media which dissolve in each other and have different boiling points. The condensation and/or the evaporation is performed on more than one pressure levels and at variable temperatures. The compressor performs the suction on more than one pressure levels and performs the discharge on more than one pressure level. Between low pressure operating medium (p.sub.1, p.sub.2) and large pressure operating medium (p.sub.3, p.sub.4, p.sub.5) the heat transfer is performed by the internal heat exchangers.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a process for the realization of cogenerative supply of electricity and heat, and in given case for their combination with waste heat recovery, particularly in case of combined (gas-steam) cycle industrial power plants.The essential feature of the invention is that during the season without heat demand the condenser with heating capacity N is operated by cooling with cooling tower, and during the heat-intensive season it is operated at a higher temperature required for the heat supplying operation mode, while the cooling tower (7) is disconnected partially or completely, and the resultant reduction of the specific expansion and heating capacity of the steam turbine (4) is compensated by increasing the steam parameters and steam output of the waste heat recovery boiler (3) with supplementary firing (11).

Abstract: The invention is, on the one hand, a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube (1) and at least one ribbing made of a heat conducting material folded to a concertina-like shape, where the ribbing has ribs (2), each of them being substantially perpendicular to the axis (10) of the tube (1) and comprising wings (4A, 4B) and a rib base (3) between them, and where the ribs (2) are attached to the tube (1) at their rib base (3). At least one of said wings (4A, 4B) of each ribs (2) comprises patterns interrupting the continuity of the wing material, and/or bent surfaces making an acute angle (.alpha.) to a plane perpendicular to the axis (10) of the tube (1). The patterns may be cutouts (7A, 7B), holes (8), outpressed parts (9) or embossings (17A, 17B).

Abstract: A multistage evaporation boiling equipment is disclosed in the form of a single unit, each stage operating at a different pressure. Two or more bundle type heat exchanger units are horizontally positioned along a central column, part of which units protrude from the column. Attached to the protruding part of each unit is a flange which is covered by a sealing tube wall. A cover over a passageway communicating with this sealing tube wall provides a second seal. One or more walls inside the column separate the heat exchanger units. Openings, which may hold a choke means, are found in the separating wall to control passage of vapor.

Abstract: A helicoidally finned tube for use mainly in heat exchangers. The tube comprises a cylindrical tubular member which carries or is integral with a helical member the turns of which form the fins of the tube. The fins are provided with ripples which extend from the outer rim of the fins inwardly and the depth of which diminishes toward the tube center. The ripples serve for diverting a cooling medium inwardly to hotter parts of the tube thereby improving its heat transfer performance. The helicoidal member has rippled sections alternately with level sections, the rippled sections subtending an angle not exceeding about 90 degrees and both types of sections on successive turns registering with one another in the direction of the axis of the tubular member.

Abstract: Apparatus for carrying out thermodynamic processes in which a work medium undergoes mutually opposite phase transitions. The apparatus comprises casings consisting of confining plates and spacers therebetween, the casings being arranged in stacked relationship. Each casing encloses a plurality of phase transition compartments in superposed relationship. There are orifices in the confining plates through which pairs of phase transition compartments open directly into one another so as to form a number of work chambers. These are also passages delimited by the spacers in the casings for connecting the work chambers in series and passages delimited by the spacers in the casings for introducing and drawing work medium into and from the phase transition compartments. Finally, there are passages delimited by the spacers in the casings for supplying and abducting heat to and from the work medium.

Abstract: A qualification method which enables a fast, exact and numerical determination of puzzoulana-properties of solid materials and thus a short evaluation of said solid materials from the point of view of industrial usability.According to this method the puzzoulana-properties and activity of solid materials can be defined by a single figure as a result of their chemical and physical properties. The material to be analyzed is brought together with fluoride ions in an acidic medium in a system having constant heat capacity and the change of the heat quantity is measured and evaluated in the initial, suitable linear, phase of the resulting reaction. The time function of the change of the heat quantity of the system is converted into a change of voltage and the rise of this curve is determined advantageously in the linear section. Advantageously the change of the heat quantity of the system is measured within less than 30 seconds, favorably at about the 20th second.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat pump with compressor, in the thermodynamic system of which, solution is used. This way varying temperature conditions take place on the heat intake and heat discharge side. Provided that varying temperature system appears also on the demand side, adapting the heat pump of the invention accordingly, the specific cooling capacity may be several times that of the traditional cooling machines under identical temperature parameters.The "wet compression" worked out in the invention, results in further increase of the specific cooling capacity, as well as it makes the competetiveness of the heat pump according to the invention indisputable in such field as for instance deep freezing.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas-, or oil-burning warm water, hot water or steam boilers, mainly for the supply of households, communal institutions, and industrial plants, the surfaces of which surrounding the furnace are formed as membrane walls having annular passageways connected by thin plates, the passageways receiving the heat carrying agent.The essence of the invention is that the flue-tube of the boiler is formed as a body of rotation with varying cross section conforming to the extent of heat radiation, and the flue-tube is surrounded by another convective heat exchanging flue-tube formed as a membrane wall conforming to the shape of the inner flue-tube, the convective heat exchanging flue-tube defining a flue passage with the inner flue-tube, the linings of the membrane wall of the annular passageways of the outer flue-tube being offset in relation to the passageways of the membrane wall of the inner flue-tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant for utilization of low-potential waste heat of a gas-pipeline compressor station in a heat consumer which is outside the station such as e.g. district heating systems for homes, for industrial or agricultural purposes. The compressor stations of this type have a compressor driven by a gas motor or gas turbine.The improvement is in that a surface heat exchanger (7) cooled with liquid, preferably with water is provided for cooling the gas after leaving the compressor and being warmed in the course of compression. The heat exchanger is connected to the heat consumer through a liquid conduit having a circulation pump in it (FIG. 1).