Abstract: Described is an electrode assembly comprising;a. a porous electrode having a first and second exterior face with a cavity formed in the interior between said exterior faces thereby having first and second interior faces positioned opposite the first and second exterior faces;b. a counter electrode positioned facing each of the first and second exterior faces of the porous electrode;c. means for passing an oxidant through said porous electrode; andd. screening means for blocking the interior face of the porous electrode a greater amount than the blocking of the respective exterior face of the porous electrode, thereby maintaining a differential of oxidant electrode surface between the interior face and the exterior face.The electrode assembly is useful in a metal, halogen, halogen hydrate electrical energy storage device.

Abstract: An electrochemical system comprising a housing containing at least two electrodes, a reservoir having flexible walls, conduit means connecting said housing and said reservoir, and means to circulate electrolyte between said housing and said reservoir is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming hydrogen by electrolysis in a cell containing a hydrohalic acid produced from a reaction process using carbon particles as an input energy source wherein the acid for electrolysis is produced by reacting the electrolysis separated halogen with water and carbon particles in a reaction area communicated with the electrolysis cell. The reaction can also be made in the presence of a catalyst.