Abstract: This disclosure relates to the use of electron beam curing and bonding irradiation in an in-line process of laminating a decorative layer, such as printed paper, to an adhesive-coated particle board panel or the like, wherein an electron-curable top coating is adsorbed into the paper and, under the electron-beam irradiation, cures with the adhesive to produce a monolithically bonded paper-to-panel polymeric structure with a hard scratch and abrasion-proof surface imparted to the paper.

Abstract: A process is described for modifying the surface of polymers such as polyolefins and the like to improve the wetability by barrier and other coatings and to enhance interlayer adhesion by graft polymerization through initiation by electron-beam radiation, optionally with an added electron energy acceptor.

Abstract: In a system and method for producing ultrafine particles and ultrafine fibers of a given source material by evaporating and condensing the material in a gas atmosphere that includes inert gas. A smaller, more narrow size distribution is accomplished by producing the particles and fibers in a microgravity environment in order to reduce particle coalescence caused by convection currents. Particle coalescence also is reduced in an Earth gravity environment by controlling the convection currents. Condensed particles are collected either by providing an electrostatic field or a spatially varying magnetic field or by causing the gas to move through a filter which collects the particles. Nonferromagnetic material fibers are produced and collected by electrodes which produce an electro- static field. Ferromagnetic particles are collected by spatially varying magnetic fields.

Abstract: A process for controlling the penetration of electron beam radiation through package coverings of products to insure sterilization of the covering wraps, but protecting the internal products and medium from electron beam penetration and x-ray generation and the like, as required for such applications as pharmaceutics, medicaments, parenteral drugs and devices, prostheses, food packaging and similar systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating non-woven and other porous webs and the like with controlled or negligible penetration into the pores by subjecting a coating carried by a surface to electron beam radiation before laminating the web to the surface carrying the coating and with a radiation dose that only partially cures the coating into a soft or tacky state such that the laminating will effect surface spreading adhesion to the web with controlled or substantially no penetration into the pores, and thereafter subjecting the laminated web and partially cured coating to greater electron beam radiation fully to cure the coating.

Abstract: A high power window for an evacuated electron beam generator and the like which comprises one or more pluralities of conductive successive fins parallelly and closely spaced arcuately extending transversely across the electron beam foil window and held by the vacuum pressure to the inner surface thereof, with the fin cross-section preferably tapering in thickness inwardly.

Abstract: This disclosure involves a novel process for instantaneous electron-beam curing of very thin low viscosity, solventless coatings upon rough, irregular or textured surfaces of a substrate, such as paper or the like, that, through rather critical timing and energy adjustment procedures, causes the coating firmly to adhere to the surface before the coating can conform to the roughness or texture contour, and thereby providing a solidified very smooth outer surface for the substrate that is particularly useful for metalization and other finished layerings.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a method of transfer-coating electron-beam-curable materials, by applying such materials to the surface of a cooled drum, either through a sheet or web carrying the same over the drum or from the drum surface itself, curing the material against the drum at a region of electron-beam radiation directed thereupon and releasing the cured material from the drum surface; and with the latter, where desired, reflecting radiation back into the material being cured.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for decorating electron-beam-cured coatings on radiation-sensitive substrates such as paper and the like, with metallized decorative and other layers, by using release layers to which the decorative layers are applied and bonding the same to electron-beam-cured adhesive coatings during curing of the same so that the decorative layers may be transferred to the cured-coated substrate by peeling off the release layer.

Abstract: A blasting composition, method, and system for making such is disclosed. The blasting composition consists essentially of a particulate inorganic nitrate oxidizer, a particulate metal fuel, water, and a gelling agent. The composition is prepared by blending 10-20% by weight of the total amount of water to be added to the composition, with the particulate inorganic nitrate oxidizer; adding a dry blend of gelling agent and particulate metal fuel to the damp oxidizer; briefly mixing the two components; adding the remainder of the water; and slowly subjecting the mixture to a tumbling action for a brief period of time sufficient to obtain a uniform composition.

Abstract: A blasting composition, method and system for making such is disclosed. The blasting composition is a homogeneous slurry-type blasting agent containing a major amount of water and a relatively small amount of a particulate fuel, preferably a particulate metal fuel. The blasting composition is made by premixing the fuel with water and a gelling agent to form a stable suspension of fuel in the water, metering the suspension of fuel into a dry particulate mixture of an inorganic metal oxidizer and a gelling agent, and slowly tumbling the mixture a short time sufficient to obtain a uniform composition without desensitizing the composition to detonation.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with the use of fine line converged electron beams of high aspect ratio for effecting physical, chemical, mechanical and other changes in the surface of objects, and also volume effects, including applications, for example, to semiconductor and other materials surface modification technology, annealing, welding, etching, polishing, cutting, curing and other surface and volume alteration.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with novel techniques for shielding electron-produced scattered radiation in systems wherein a web or sheet is passed longitudinally through an electron irradiation processing region or zone, through the use of a shielded enclosure comprising longitudinally extending shielded-wall collimator slots operating in conjunction with cavity shield traps and critical angles of web-guiding inlet and outlet feed that insure minimal irradiation escape while providing a minimal volume for oxygen-limiting in the irradiation processing zone.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with a new process and apparatus for using a critically adjusted electron beam to cure protective and decorative coatings, including opaque, heavily pigmented coatings, on paper, fabric and other thin substrates which are sensitive to heat or various forms of radiation. The process utilizes restricted dose, energy and process rates to obviate degradation of the substrate during curing and to achieve previously unattainable line speeds in the curing of coatings on products of web, sheet and filamentary geometry.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which low energy electrons are used chemically to graft phosphorous or halogen-rich double bonded molecules and the like into natural and synthetic materials to render the same flame retarding.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for preparing slurry explosive formulations characterized in containing separate liquid and particulate phases. The liquid phase is a detonation insensitive paste-like pre-mix composition having an extended shelf life and being adapted for ultimate combination with sufficient particulate material to form an efficient explosive. The pre-mix composition includes a gum or thickener but is not gelled or cross-linked, in order to facilitate ultimate on-site mixing in a rapid manner and without the need for complex equipment.

Abstract: The disclosure herein is concerned with critical electron-beam radiation parameters and beam-passage rates and adjustments that have been found to enable high-speed curing of adhesives used to bond flock and similar materials to heat-sensitive substrates that otherwise inherently limit the degree of thermal curing that may be employed as by other means, and consequently limit the speed of curing.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with novel techniques for generating longitudinal strips of energetic electron beams through concentric slotted constructions, being quite adaptable for the generation of multiple beams in different directions that are of very narrow angular transverse extent, as for purposes of line irradiation of articles passing the beams, though the techniques herein disclosed are also useful in other applications of electron beam irradiation.