Abstract: The printed battery has cathode and anode electrodes with terminals to connect to an external circuit, separator therebetween and electrolyte. An anode electrode material is applied on one side of the separator and a cathode electrode material on the opposite side. The anode material is dry and hydrophobic and is prepared by providing an anode active material, conductive material, solvent and a binder that are mixed to form an anode ink. The anode ink is applied on a substrate and then dried. In response to the drying, the solvent evaporates and the anode ink forms a film on the substrate. The prepared anode material is applied on the separator. An electrolyte solution is printed on the separator that has the anode material thereon. A cathode material is applied between a collector material and separator.

Abstract: The thin battery of the invention comprises an anode material, a cathode material, two or more separator paper layers there between, and electrolyte. One of the outer separator paper layers has an anode material applied thereon, another separator paper layer being an outer layer on the opposite side having a cathode material applied thereon. The method of the invention for manufacturing such a thin battery is mainly characterized by the steps of wetting a separator paper with an electrolyte solution, applying an anode material on a first separator paper and applying a cathode material on a second separator paper. The separator papers are then combined by pressing them together so that the anode and cathode materials are outmost, respectively in order to form a layered structure. The combined layers are then cut in desired sizes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biocatalytic direct alcohol fuel cell comprising an anode chamber, one or more cathode chambers, and an ion exchange membrane between the chambers. The anode chamber contains a biocatalyst for oxidation of the fuel, and the cathode chamber contains a chemical catalyst, a biocatalyst or a combination thereof for reduction of oxygen or a corresponding oxidant.