Abstract: A particulate pre-reduction cobalt supported Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor which comprises a catalyst support impregnated with cobalt, is treated with a pure hydrogen reducing gas, at a first specific feed gas space velocity, SV1, and at a first heating rate, HR1, to obtain a partially reduced precursor. The support contains reducible cobalt oxide in a calcined state and having a formula-unit in which each mole of cobalt atoms is associated with more than 4/3 moles of oxygen atoms and displaying a reducible cobalt oxide specific surface area at least equal to that of Co3O4 spinel. The partially reduced precursor is then treated with a pure hydrogen reducing gas, at a second specific feed gas space velocity, SV2, and at a second heating rate, HR2, to obtain an activated supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, with SV2?SV1 and/or HR2?HR1; however, when SV2=SV1, HR2?HR1 and when HR2=HR1, SV2?SV1.

Abstract: A process for producing a supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst includes treating, in an activation stage (12), a particulate pre-reduction cobalt nitrate-based supported Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor containing reducible cobalt oxides, with hydrogen as a reducing gas in order to reduce the cobalt oxides over a period of time to Co, with ammonia and water being formed, the reduction including a time period when predominantly CoO is reduced to Co. Unreacted hydrogen is withdrawn (20), which thus includes water and treated to lower its dewpoint (14). At least a portion of the withdrawn unreacted hydrogen is returned to the activation stage (12) as recycle hydrogen (26). An ammonia concentration is maintained in the activation stage (12), at least during the time when predominantly CoO is reduced to Co, of less than 250 volume parts per million (‘vppm’).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of certain phosphorous, namely urea, thio-urea and sulphonamide phosphorous compounds. The present invention provides a process for the production of phosphorous compounds which process allows an easy and effective separation of the reaction products from impurities by applying a solid alkaline ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed containing thiophenic sulfur contaminants, wherein the entire feed is contacted with a nickel catalyst, the improvement comprising contacting the said feed additionally with a platinum group metal prior to or simultaneously with contacting the nickel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to hydrogenation catalyst particles based on nickel or cobalt and a support, incorporated in a matrix of hardened oil or a derivative thereof, which matrix material is solid at a temperature of 25° C., said particles having an average weight of at least 120 mg and an average height of at least 2.8 mm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heterogeneous vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst system for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, which may or may not be saturated, comprising a support based on one or more metal oxides, and vanadium-phosphorus oxide in an amount of from 0.01 to 45 wt. %, based on the weight of the catalyst and calculated as (VO).sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.7, to a process for the selective oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of a vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst, which process comprises an oxidation and a reduction phase, wherein a hydrocarbon is contacted with said catalyst in the reduction phase and in oxidized or non-oxidized form is adsorbed to the catalyst, whereafter the thus loaded catalyst is brought into the oxidation phase, the desired product is formed in the presence of gaseous oxygen and subsequently separated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heterogeneous vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst system for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, which may or may not be saturated, comprising a support based on one or more metal oxides, and vanadium-phosphorus oxide in an amount of from 0.01 to 45 wt. %, based on the weight of the catalyst and calculated as (VO).sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.7, to a process for the selective oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of a vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst, which process comprises an oxidation and a reduction phase, wherein a hydrocarbon is contacted with said catalyst in the reduction phase and in oxidized or non-oxidized form is adsorbed to the catalyst, whereafter the thus loaded catalyst is brought into the oxidation phase, the desired product is formed in the presence of gaseous oxygen and subsequently separated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by hydrogenation of mono and/or dinitrile with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel and/or cobalt catalyst on support and optionally in the presence of ammonia, this process being characterized in that a nickel and/or cobalt catalyst on support is used, optionally in combination with at least one solid, reaction medium-insoluble cocatalyst, the catalyst and/or the cocatalyst being substantially nonacid.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the transesterification of carboxylic acid esters, in which process a catalyst is used which is substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture under reaction conditions, said catalyst comprising at least one silicate of the Group IVB elements of the Periodic Table as the active component.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst for hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation having an improved resistance against deactivation by sulfur compounds, comprising at least one hydrogenation component, at least one metal-oxide containing component and at least one component acting as a support material, in which at least a part of the hydrogenation component and a part of the metal-oxide containing component are present on said support material as separate particles, the particles of the hydrogenation component and the particles of the metal-oxide containing component being homogeneously distributed in the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing secondary alkylamine by selective hydrogenation of alkylnitrile using a nickel-containing catalyst which contains copper as promoter, said catalyst having a selectivity, as herein defined, of not more than 8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nickel on alumina catalyst which has been promoted with sulfur, having an atomic S/Ni ratio of between 0.06 and 0.10, an atomic Ni/Al ratio of between 2 and 10, and a particle size distribution, defined as (d.sub.90-10)/d.sub.50, of between 0.4 and 1.5, d.sub.50 ranging from 4 to 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of performing a chemical reaction in which hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation occurs, in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising a carrier material with copper as active component and iron as a promotor. According to the invention, the proporation of iron, calculated on the amount of copper and iron jointly, on an atomic basis, is no more than 25%. The invention also relates to a catalyst for carrying out the reaction, and to a process for preparing a supported catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a carrier material essentially consisting of aluminium oxide, possibly in combination with a different metal oxide, and to the surface of which a compound of a metal ion of the 3rd or 4th subgroup of the Periodic Table has been applied, so uniformly that, after a treatment at 1000.degree. C. for 6 hours, the carrier material does not exhibit diffraction maximums in the X-ray diffraction pattern with a half-value width of less than 1.0 degree of arc (measured over the double diffraction angle). The invention also relates to a process for making the carrier material.