Abstract: Described are methods and systems for producing synthesis gas. In some embodiments, the method includes microbiologically converting biological material to form methane and CO2; and reacting methane and CO2 formed in (a) with water and metal to form synthesis gas. Optionally, the method also includes cutting vegetation; fermenting the vegetation to form biogas comprising methane and CO2; and reacting the biogas with water and metal to form synthesis gas and metal oxide. In some embodiments of the invention, reacted metal is regenerated from metal oxide produced in the reaction. In some embodiments the regeneration comprises reacting the oxide in a bath of boiling zinc.

Abstract: A method and system for producing a liquid fuel comprising: (a) reacting water with a first metal in a first reaction chamber to obtain hydrogen, heat, and an oxide of the first metal; (b) reacting carbon dioxide with a second metal, which is the same or different from the first metal, in a second reaction chamber, which is the same or different from the first reaction chamber, to obtain carbon monoxide, heat, and oxide of the second metal; (c) regenerating said first and second metals from said first and second oxides.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems for producing synthesis gas. In some embodiments, the method includes microbiologically converting biological material to form methane and CO2; and reacting methane and CO2 formed in (a) with water and metal to form synthesis gas. Optionally, the method also includes cutting vegetation; fermenting the vegetation to form biogas comprising methane and CO2; and reacting the biogas with water and metal to form synthesis gas and metal oxide. In some embodiments of the invention, reacted metal is regenerated from metal oxide produced in the reaction. In some embodiments the regeneration comprises reacting the oxide in a bath of boiling zinc.

Abstract: Described is a method for producing hydrogen and steam in a reaction chamber, the method including: feeding a metallic contiguous element towards a discharge source; intermittently providing by the discharge source a discharge sufficient to initiate a reaction between at least a portion of the metallic contiguous element and water vapor; and continuing the reaction in absence of discharge.