Abstract: A stent is placed inside an aorta of a subject, the stent comprising one or more electrodes, control circuitry, and a first antenna coupled thereto. A second antenna circumscribes a neck of the subject, such that that at least one turn of wire of the second antenna extends from a first position that is anatomically superior to a left clavicle of the subject to a second position that is anatomically inferior to a jugular notch of the subject and from the second position to a third position that is anatomically superior to a right clavicle of the subject. The second antenna transmits an electrical signal to the first antenna via inductive coupling, and is shaped to have an L-shaped projection in a sagittal plane, with an angle between two legs of the L-shaped projection being 80-160 degrees when placed upon a flat surface. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a stent (20) configured to be placed inside an aorta of a subject, the stent comprising one or more electrodes (22), control circuitry (32), and a first antenna (28) coupled thereto. A second antenna (26) is placed on the subject, such that the second antenna extends at least from above a left clavicle of the subject to below a jugular notch of the subject and from below the subject's jugular notch to above a right clavicle of the subject, the second antenna being con figured to transmit an electrical signal to the first antenna via inductive coupling. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a mechanical support element that is placed inside a first vein of a subject. At least one electrode disposed on the mechanical support element is placed inside the first vein, in a vicinity of a site upstream of a bifurcation with a second vein of the subject. A control unit enhances downstream blood flow from the first vein by driving the at least one electrode to divert blood downstream into the second vein by constricting the first vein at the upstream site, by driving the at least one electrode to apply a current to the vicinity of the site. The mechanical support element prevents the first vein from collapsing by providing mechanical support to the vein. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including driving a first electric current into a vicinity of a site of a first artery of a subject that is downstream of a bifurcation of the first artery with a second artery of the subject. The electric current is configured to divert blood in an upstream direction, into the second artery, by constricting the first artery at the downstream site. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including identifying a subject as suffering from a condition selected from the group consisting of congestive heart failure, diastolic heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and hypertension. In response to the identifying, an electrode is placed on a vagus nerve of the subject at a vagal site that is between the upper junction of the left thoracic vagal trunk with the left subclavian artery of the subject, and the thoracic vagal branching into an esophageal plexus of the subject. The subject is treated by electrically stimulating the vagal site by driving a current into the vagal site, via the electrode. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided, including (1) an external device, configured for placement outside of a body of a subject and to sense a factor of the subject, and to generate a signal in response to the sensed factor, and (2) an implant, which comprises a wireless receiver for receiving the signal, and at least one electrode, the implant configured to drive the electrode to apply current to an aortic and/or vagal site of the subject in response to the signal.

Abstract: In some embodiments of the present invention, apparatus is provided, including a sensing electrode configured to be implanted at a non-cardiac site in a vicinity of an aorta of a subject and to detect an electrical parameter of the aorta, and a control unit configured to receive the detected parameter and to generate an output in response to the detected parameter. Additional embodiments are also described.