Abstract: Metal non-oxide coated substrates having an outer coating derived from the substrate are disclosed. The three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal non-oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof produced by a unique process, have particular applicability to the manufacture of metal boride, carbide and nitride coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates such as flakes, spheres and elongated substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a droplet metal oxide and interactant precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a silica filled polyolefin separator having an additive associated with the separator that improves the overall efficiency of the lead acid battery.

Abstract: Three dimensional inorganic powder substrates, with shielded surfaces, having metal non-oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by the process comprising reacting a powder particle substrate with a metal non-oxide and anion forming precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal non-oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Metal oxyanion coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic porous substrate having a coating of metal oxyanion on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of metal oxysulfide, oxycarbide and oxynitride coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as diatomite porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heat dissipation and shielding applications.

Abstract: Three dimensional inorganic powder substrates, with shielded surfaces, having metal oxyanion containing coatings are disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by the process comprising reacting powder particle substrates with a metal oxyanion precursor, an anion forming precursor and an oxy precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing a metal oxyanion coating on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heat dissipation and shielding applications.

Abstract: Metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic porous diatomite substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Multilayered metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal oxide and a thermally associated barrier coating on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymer, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic nano substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymer, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Multilayered metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: A three dimensional substrate, with shielded surfaces, having metal oxide-containing coatings is disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by a process comprising contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a powder metal oxide precursor formed reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: Processes for coating three dimensional inorganic substrates, with shielded surfaces, with metal oxide-containing coatings are disclosed. Such processes comprise contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions maintained by a flame combustion source to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive and an expander component associated with the negative plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A recombinant battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having an additive associated with the separator that improves the overall efficiency of the lead acid battery.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive associated with a plate that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive having a plurality of chemically different functional groups, associated with the separator that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive plate and a separator having a metal inhibiting additive that reduces the detrimental effects of at least one impurity on the negative plate.

Abstract: A battery element of a lead acid battery including a negative plate, a positive and a separator having an organic polymer having phosphonic functionality in the negative plate to improve capacity maintenance.

Abstract: A process for reducing the particle size of porous organic polymers by subjecting an aqueous slurry of the porous organic polymers to a cutting action and recovering particles of reduced mean particle size. The particles produced by the process can be used as additives for lead acid batteries and as a starting material for the production of additives having functional release agents.