Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure and a means for observing streaks in the machine direction in paper or in its coating, on a web (1) in continuous motion, a measuring box (2) being moved reciprocatingly across the paper web, from a light source (A) therewithin light being conducted against the paper web (1) in the form of separate light beams (5) spaced uniformly in the direction across the web, whereafter the intensities of the transmission beams from the paper or of the reflected beams from the coating are measured each separately by means of a detector (7) placed in the path of each light beam (5), the deviation of intensity found by the detector being automatically recorded in time and in space, whereafter the deviations of intensity coming later in succession from other detectors (7) are superimposed in time, whereby when similar intensity deviations come from the majority of the different detectors, the deviation must have been caused by a streak in the machine direction across which the equiv

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for creating an electron curtain (5). The device consists of a cylindrical chamber (1) in which has been accommodated an elongated, electron-emitting filament (2) and a shell (3) encircling the filament so that the filament is located in an elongated depression (6) formed by the shell. Furthermore, the device comprises members (7) for accelerating the electrons and a window (4) in the wall of the chamber (1), through which the electron curtain can be directed to the outside of the device.

Abstract: A device for cleaning obstructions from the reject end of a centrifugal separator without interrupting normal opertion. Modern small-sized separators, in particular, are liable to become blocked, and the usual method of removing the blockage is to use a water jet or pressurized air which is led to the obstructed reject end by various methods. The disadvantage associated with these methods is that the impurities removed by the jet partially contaminate the regular flow. This invention will help to avoid this because cleaning is effected by means of a device having a chamber into which the flow containing the rejected material is directed when the plug of the separator is opened. The chamber is fitted with a discharge orifice. In this way, the reversed flow removes the obstruction in the reject orifice, thus preventing it from contaminating the accept mass.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure and a means for creating an electron curtain (5) intended to be used in irradiating a surface (8) and adjustable as to its intensity distribution. The electron curtain is elicited by producing with an elongated filament (2) placed in a chamber (1), free electrons in a space (6) surrounding the filament, by accelerating the electrons by means of an electrode structure (3) confining the space and by directing the electron curtain formed by the accelerated electrons out from the chamber through a window (4) permeable to electrons in its wall.

Abstract: In a procedure for washing cellulose in a drum a continuous web is conducted through a plurality of mutually separated washing zones and in the procedure the pure washing liquid is introduced at the washing step which is last in the direction of travel of the web. This liquid displaces suspension fluid contained in the web and the latter is urged with the aid of a drained fluid pipe system to a washing step located upstream in the web's direction of travel and the displaced suspension fluid repeats the displacement washing process performed by the pure washing liquid in the last washing step. This procedure is repeated until each washing step has received a flow of washing liquid. To utilize the concentration raising capacity of the washing procedure and apparatus, before discharging the pulp, part of the drained fluid pipe system is emptied and the drained fluid therefrom obtained is returned to an earlier washing step.

Abstract: A bark press including a frame and supporting rollers rotatably carried on the frame. These rollers support a rotatable dewatering drum, within which is eccentrically located a press roll, the outside surface of this press roll and the inner surface of the dewatering drum defining a press gap therebetween. The outside surface of the dewatering drum carries at least one ratchet circle with which at least one pressure cylinder cooperates. One end of this pressure cylinder is supported by the frame of the press and the opposite end rotating the dewatering drum step by step through the ratchet circle.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for purifying in a fluidized bed reactor (1) effluent waters, particularly those produced in the wood-processing industry. The reactor contains, in addition to fluidized, finely divided particles (7), also agglomerated fibre material (8) serving the purpose of reducing the quantity of the floating particles required. The fibre material may for instance be cellulose, introduced in the reactor together with the effluent water to be treated and which is converted into agglomerates in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for measuring the coating quantities contained in coating layers deposited on both sides of paper, cardboard or equivalent material in the case in which both coating layers contain the same component emitting characteristic radiation. In the case most commonly encountered, both coating layers consist of the same coating material. In the procedure two functionally mutually independent radiation source/detector pairs are used, between which the coated paper or equivalent is placed. Separately each radiation source/detector pair effects excitation of fluorescent radiation in both coating layers under measurement and the total intensity of the excited radiation present at the detector is measured. If the base weight of the paper or equivalent is known, the coating rates are calculable from the results of measurement obtained. The base weight is most advantageously measured before the coating step with the aid of a separate source of radiation and a transmission detector.

Abstract: A means for degassing paper pulp stock, comprising an elongated horizontal cylindrical tank, a distribution pipe parallel to the tank and wherefrom departs a plurality of consecutive jet tubes for introducing pulp stock into the tank close to one end of the tank, an exit tube located close to the opposite end of the tank and towards which the pulp stock flows on the bottom of the tank, members to maintain the pulp stock level constant in the tank, an additional exit tube for returning to circulation the excess pulp stock that has entered the tank, and members for producing a vacuum in the tank. The distribution pipe and the flow therewithin are directed in opposition to the flow within the tank. The cross section area of the flow diminishes towards that end of the tank where the jet tubes are located, the diminishing flow cross section area extending at least over the region of one jet tube.

Abstract: Procedure for separating finely divided matter from a suspension by filtration in a periodically operated pressure filter including a filter tank into which the suspension to be filtered is supplied along with lime sludge (or CaCO.sub.3) as a filtering auxiliary substance. The lime sludge forms a filtering layer on the surface of filtering elements and the suspension to be filtered passes through this layer for separating sediment. The pressure filter contains a plurality of filtering elements extending downwardly from the roof of the filter tank so that the filtrate flows through the elements to a superposed filtrate collecting tank. The lime sludge collects on the outer surface of the filtering elements and is periodically detached by a countercurrent washing operation. Green liquor, from which the soda sediment is to be separated, is used as the suspension to be filtered.