Abstract: A method of controlling a hybrid vehicle during regenerative deceleration, the method including: determining deceleration of the vehicle; upon determining deceleration of the vehicle, operating a reversible electric machine as a generator to regenerate part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle; establishing a respective minimum speed of an internal combustion engine for each gear of a servocontrolled mechanical power train; determining and engaging the highest gear which, combined with the current state of motion of the vehicle, runs the internal combustion engine at higher than the respective minimum speed; keeping the gear engaged as long as the internal combustion engine runs at higher than the respective minimum speed; and downshifting by one gear when the internal combustion engine runs at lower than the respective minimum speed.

Abstract: A method of controlling a hybrid vehicle during regenerative deceleration, the method including: determining deceleration of the vehicle; upon determining deceleration of the vehicle, operating a reversible electric machine as a generator to regenerate part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle; establishing a respective minimum speed of an internal combustion engine for each gear of a servocontrolled mechanical power train; determining and engaging the highest gear which, combined with the current state of motion of the vehicle, runs the internal combustion engine at higher than the respective minimum speed; keeping the gear engaged as long as the internal combustion engine runs at higher than the respective minimum speed; and downshifting by one gear when the internal combustion engine runs at lower than the respective minimum speed.

Abstract: An energy storage system for powering electric user devices of a vehicle, the energy storage system having a battery; a capacitive element connected parallel to the terminals of the battery; and an inductive element connected in series to the battery, between the battery and the capacitive element; to effectively regulate power/energy flow between the battery and the capacitive element during transients, the ratio between the capacity of the battery measured in (Ah) and the capacitance of the capacitive element measured in (F) is less than 1, and the ratio between the capacity of the battery measured in (Ah) and the inductance of the inductive element measured in (?H) is less than 1.

Abstract: Composite, ternary, polymeric system formed by intimately mixing a polymeric compound, a metal salt, and a ceramic additive acting both as agent promoting the transport features (conductivity and ion mobility) and as stabilizer of the chemical characteristics (compatibility with the electrode materials) of the polymeric electrolyte.

Abstract: A reversible heat pump providing a generator of refrigerant fluid in a vapor state produced by a rectifying column having perforated plates, with a hydrostatic head on the plate assured by the surface tension of the liquid, a reboiler of the generator heated indirectly, a storage tank of the condensed refrigerant fluid which contributes to controlling the cycle pressure for optimizing the efficiency under partial load conditions, expansion valve for the condensed refrigerant which changes the flow section as a function of the pressure and controls the flow rate of the refrigerant for draining any impurity, electro valve reducing the load loss of the expansion valve during summer, a plate absorber with swirl grid providing a microdrop flow between poor solution and refrigerant, and a multi-way valve which allows the heat pump to be coupled with a split-exchanger by deviating the flows of the operating fluids according to the requirements so as to cause the split-exchanger to perform the function of a cold sour

Abstract: The object of the invention is a free electron laser with two self-stimulating ondulators at higher order harmonics comprising, in combination, a first section comprising an ondulator (UM1) operating as an oscillator, to generate coherent radiation with a determinate wave length (.lambda.) and simultaneously the higher harmonics relevant thereto, and a second section comprising an ondulator (UM2) operating as an amplifier, tuneable at the frequency and the relevant harmonics of the coherent radiation generated in the first modulator (UM1).

Abstract: A device measuring the optical absorption in thin layer materials by using the photothermal deflection spectroscopy (P.D.S.) comprises a laser source, an optical doubler between the laser source and the probe intended to divide the laser beam in two equal, parallel measurement and control beams, a cylindrical lens between the doubler and the probe, and a pair of position sensors which receive the beams focused by said lens and send them to an electronic circuit supplying a signal output which is not influenced by the noise due to the instability in the direction of the analyzer beam and to the mechanical vibrations.