Abstract: Apparatus for twisting dough comprises juxtaposed conveyor surfaces, each comprising a plurality of laterally spaced-apart conveyor belts moveable in parallel adjacency, each belt of each conveyor surface being juxtaposed with a belt of the other conveyor surface, thus forming a plurality of laterally spaced-apart belt pairs. The juxtaposed conveyor surfaces thus form a conveying passageway. A belt in a belt pair moves at a higher speed than the other belt in that pair, and the speed of the two belts is such that a substantially cylindrical object disposed across adjacent belt pairs is rolled between the adjacent belt pairs as it is being conveyed along the passageway. The speed of the individual belts of the adjacent belt pairs is such that the net velocity along the passageway imparted to the object is the same at each of the belt pairs, but is also such that a greater rotational speed is imparted at one belt pair relative to that at the adjacent belt pair.

Abstract: A method for improving the waste treatment of industrial bakery plant effluent by taking clarified effluent which has been subjected to pH changes to form sludge in a primary clarifier, removing said effluent from the initial sludge in the clarifier, and circulating it after sludge separation therefrom into a series of three underground tanks where a solution of activated anaerobic bacteria is metered. The residence time, for the effluent and bacteria in said tanks is 48 to 72 hours at a temperature of 28.degree. C. to 48.degree. C. Thereafter, the treated effluent is recirculated once again to a lower clarifier which feeds any sludge formed into a sludge concentration tank, while the aqueous effluent remaining is further processed in a sand filter, an ozonator, and a reverse osmosis unit to achieve a BOD level of below 150 (mg/l) and a COD level of below 80 (mg/l).

Abstract: A method for the removal of dissolved and/or suspended solid wastes from the liquid effluent of an industrial plant subsequent a stepwise formation of flocs and precipitates with subsequent removal of same utilizing coagulating and floculating agents while simultaneously adjusting the pH of the treatment medium. Both ferric chloride, lime and aluminum sulfate are used as primary flocculants with their action enhanced by the use of suitable polyelectrolytes. A coagulant for starches and fats facilitate more complete precipitation of wastes. Means for carrying out the method include at least one clarifier with a special arrangement of baffles to enhance the formation of the flocs and precipitates. In a preferred mode of operation, liquid industrial effluent is first pre-treated with a cationic coagulant and cationic polyelectrolyte prior to the stepwise floc formation and pH adjustments.

Abstract: A method for the removal of dissolved and/or suspended solid wastes from the liquid effluent of an industrial plant subsequent a stepwise formation of flocs and precipitates with subsequent removal of same utilizing coagulating and flocculating agents while simultaneously adjusting the pH of the treatment medium. Both ferric chloride, lime and aluminum sulfate are used as primary flocculants with their action enhanced by the use of suitable polyelectrolytes. A coagulant for starches and fats facilitate more complete precipitation of wastes. Means for carrying out the method include at least one clarifier with a special arrangement of baffles to enhance the formation of the flocs and precipitates. In a preferred mode of operation, liquid industrial effluent is first pre-treated with a cationic coagulant and cationic polyelectrolyte prior to the stepwise floc formation and pH adjustments.