Abstract: A proteome analyzer includes a separation cassette having a first dimension separation compartment for separation of protein samples by isoelectric focusing and a second dimension separation compartment for separation of protein samples by SDS-polymer network electrophoresis. The first dimension compartment is a reservoir in which a porous material having capillary channels is disposed. The protein samples are disposed in the capillary channels and, in the presence of a pH gradient, are focused spatially by isolectric focusing upon application of an electric field. The second dimension compartment consists of two glass or plastic plates separated by a separation medium. The separation medium is an ultra-thin layer of a low concentration linear polymer supported by an inert matrix. The spatially focused protein samples are contacted with the separation medium in the presence of an electric field to initiate second dimension separation.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates chromophore-containing polynucleotides having at least two donor chromophores operatively linked to the polynucleotide by linker arms, such that the chromophores are positioned by linkage along the length of the polynucleotide at a donor-donor transfer distance, and at least one fluorescing acceptor chromophore operatively linked to the polynucleotide by a linker arm, such that the fluorescing acceptor chromophore is positioned by linkage at a donor-acceptor transfer distance from at least one of the donor chromophores, to form a photonic structure for collecting photonic energy and transferring the energy to an acceptor chromophore, and methods using the photonic structures.