Abstract: Methods for treating poultry during processing for increasing the weight of the poultry are disclosed. The methods may be performed in a chill tank or other reservoir and utilize either equilibrium peracetic acid or non-equilibrium peracetic acid. The non-equilibrium peracetic acid may be prepared from hydrogen peroxide and a liquid acetyl precursor, such as triacetin. The methods comprise contacting a poultry carcass with peracetic acid-containing water at a pH of about 6 to about 9. The methods result in an increase in the weight of the processed products and an increase in a processing plant's percent yield of the processed products.

Abstract: Methods for the generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxyacetic acid are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing triacetin and aqueous hydrogen peroxide to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid.

Abstract: Methods for the generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxyacetic acid are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing triacetin and aqueous hydrogen peroxide to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid.

Abstract: Methods for the generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxyacetic acid are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing triacetin and aqueous hydrogen peroxide to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid.

Abstract: Methods for the generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxyacetic acid are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing triacetin and aqueous hydrogen peroxide to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the generation of a peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in proximity to the point-of-use are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing a hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of a alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is a preferred acetyl precursor and is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid. Methods for preparing the hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution are also provided. Also disclosed are solid compositions comprising a liquid acetyl precursor, a water-soluble source of hydrogen peroxide, and a water-soluble source of alkalinity. The solid composition is a freely-flowable solid that is used as a bleaching agent and a stain remover for the treatment of articles such as fabrics, dentures, textile garments, and equipment used in the food and beverage industry.

Abstract: Methods for the generation of non-equilibrium solutions of peroxyacetic acid are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing triacetin sad aqueous hydrogen peroxide to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of an alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid.

Abstract: The invention includes convenient methods of preparing: (1) highly concentrated liquid bromine-containing biocidal solutions, (2) highly concentrated mixed halogen liquid bromine and chlorine-containing biocidal solutions, and (3) high-activity bromine-containing biocidal solids, all having excellent physical and chemical stability. One method yields solutions that have concentrations of bromine in excess of 18% as Br2 (8% as Cl2) in which the mole ratio of hydroxide ion to hydrogen ion source is at least 1.9:1. Another method employs elemental bromine in conjunction with a solid organic or inorganic halogenating agent to yield halogen solutions at concentrations greater than 22.9% as Br2 (10.2% as Cl2). This method can be performed under conditions that exceed the solubility of the active ingredient such that it crystallizes and is recovered as a hydrated or anhydrous salt in good yield.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the generation of a peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in proximity to the point-of-use are disclosed. These methods comprise introducing a hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution to water, mixing, and then adding an aqueous source of a alkali metal or earth alkali metal hydroxide. Triacetin is a preferred acetyl precursor and is converted rapidly and with a high conversion rate into peracetic acid. These methods produce solutions with a high level of peracetic acid. Methods for preparing the hydrogen peroxide-acetyl precursor solution are also provided. Also disclosed are solid compositions comprising a liquid acetyl precursor, a water-soluble source of hydrogen peroxide, and a water-soluble source of alkalinity. The solid composition is a freely-flowable solid that is used as a bleaching agent and a stain remover for the treatment of articles such as fabrics, dentures, textile garments, and equipment used in the food and beverage industry.

Abstract: The invention includes a composition for stabilizing chlorinated water to sunlight decomposition, and methods of preparing compositions. The composition is a slurry composition of a monoalkali metal cyanurate, of low viscosity. Two methods of preparing the slurry are described, in which cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid wetcake is mixed with a monoalkali metal base. One method dry blends cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid wetcake with a monoalkali metal base. The invention also describes a method of preparing a dry, solid monoalkali metal cyanurate.

Abstract: Methods of analyzing low levels of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) in water are described. These methods employ buffering the PAA-containing water and the use of a N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) indicator system in the presence of iodide ion. The intensity of the pink coloration that develops is quantitated by colorimetric or titrimetric methods and correlated to the ppm PAA in the water. Positive interference effects due to the presence of hydrogen peroxide are eliminated by performing the analyses quickly after the introduction of the reagents.

Abstract: Liquid and solid bromine-containing compositions are described. A liquid mixed halogen composition is also described. The highly concentrated liquid compositions and the high-activity solid compositions have excellent physical and chemical stability. The compositions are effective biocides in water treatment. Methods of preparing the compositions are also disclosed. These include combining a bromine compound in the oxidation state of ?1 with hydrogen peroxide and a complexing agent followed by the addition of an alkaline source. The methods may further include the use of a solid organic or solid inorganic halogenating agent, conducting a solid-liquid separation, and adding an alkaline source.

Abstract: The invention includes convenient methods of preparing: (1) highly concentrated liquid bromine-containing biocidal solutions, (2) highly concentrated mixed halogen liquid bromine and chlorine-containing biocidal solutions, and (3) high-activity bromine-containing biocidal solids, all having excellent physical and chemical stability. One method yields solutions that have concentrations of bromine in excess of 18% as Br2 (8% as Cl2) in which the mole ratio of hydroxide ion to hydrogen ion source is at least 1.9:1. Another method employs elemental bromine in conjunction with a solid organic or inorganic halogenating agent to yield halogen solutions at concentrations greater than 22.9% as Br2 (10.2% as Cl2). This method can be performed under conditions that exceed the solubility of the active ingredient such that it crystallizes and is recovered as a hydrated or anhydrous salt in good yield.

Abstract: Liquid and solid bromine-containing compositions are described. A liquid mixed halogen composition is also described. The highly concentrated liquid compositions and the high-activity solid compositions have excellent physical and chemical stability. The compositions are effective biocides in water treatment. Methods of preparing the compositions are also disclosed. These include combining a bromine compound in the oxidation state of ?1 with hydrogen peroxide and a complexing agent followed by the addition of an alkaline source. The methods may further include the use of a solid organic or solid inorganic halogenating agent, conducting a solid-liquid separation, and adding an alkaline source.

Abstract: A method of peeling tomatoes with the disclosed machine includes passing tomatoes through the steam chamber and maintaining a steam-controlled temperature of approximately 220.degree.-290.degree. F. and a pressure of 12-30 psi. The level of condensate is controlled for dragout by adding water and the concentration of naphthalene sulfonate is monitored and maintained at approximately 1000-2000 ppm. Residence time in the steam chamber is 8-35 seconds, while residence time in the vacuum chamber is 5-10 seconds while maintaining a vacuum of approximately 16-26 in. Hg at approximately 75.degree.-90.degree. F.

Abstract: A tomato peeling machine is disclosed which includes an inclined, cylindrical steam chamber having star valves at its input and output ends. A feed screw is concentrically mounted therewithin and drives tomatoes through a biphasic environment comprised of an aqueous condensate solution of naphthalene sulfonate and steam vapor. A fluid delivery conduit in fluid communication with the steam chamber is connected to a water source as well as to a chemical reservoir containing concentrated solution of naphthalene sulfonate. The fluid delivery conduit includes flow-regulating apparatus and the steam chamber includes condensate level-controlling apparatus. A vacuum chamber is provided downstream of the steam chamber, and a vacuum pump draws vapors out of the vacuum chamber into a condensing chamber. A method of peeling tomatoes with the disclosed machine includes passing tomatoes through the steam chamber and maintaining a steam-controlled temperature of approximately 220.degree.-290.degree. F.