Abstract: A probe incorporates a sensor for measuring a concentration of a gas in solution in a fluid medium. The sensor (12) is housed in or extends into a measurement chamber (62) of the probe. The measurement chamber is separated, in use, from the fluid medium by a porous wall portion (64) through which the gas, but not the fluid medium, can diffuse. A gas feed is connected to the measurement chamber for forcing, in use, a purge gas or a calibration gas through the porous wall portion, outwardly from the measurement chamber. An electrical heater (40) is provided for heating the sensor to an elevated temperature during storage. The sensor comprises a solid electrolyte carrying a measurement electrode and a reference electrode on opposite faces thereof, and connections are provided for applying a voltage across the solid electrolyte during storage of the probe.

Abstract: The invention concerns a probe for measuring hydrogen comprising a probe body and a hydrogen sensor. The sensor body has a wall within which a sealed cavity is defined. The cavity contains a solid reference material for generating a reference partial pressure of hydrogen within the cavity. At least a portion of the wall of the cavity is formed from a solid electrolyte material carrying a measurement electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte outside the cavity and a reference electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte within the cavity, exposed to the reference partial pressure of hydrogen. An electrical conductor extends from the reference electrode through the wall of the cavity to an external surface of the sensor body. The probe body comprises a chamber for receiving the sensor and a reference-signal connection for connecting to the electrical conductor when the sensor is received in the chamber.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method for fabricating a ceramic component by encircling a core with an unsintered or partially-sintered ceramic sheath and sintering the sheath such that it shrinks towards or into contact with the core. In preferred embodiments the core may be electrically-conducting or heat conducting and surrounded by an insulating ceramic sheath. The subject invention also concerns a ceramic component.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a probe for measuring hydrogen concentration in molten metals comprising a probe body and a hydrogen sensor. The sensor structure is based on a sensor body having a wall within which a sealed cavity is defined. The cavity contains a solid reference material for generating a reference partial pressure of hydrogen within the cavity. At least a portion of the wall of the cavity is formed from a solid electrolyte material carrying a measurement electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte outside the cavity and a reference electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte within the cavity, exposed to the reference partial pressure of hydrogen. An electrical conductor extends from the reference electrode through the wall of the cavity to an external surface of the sensor body. The probe body comprises a chamber for receiving the sensor and a reference-signal connection for connecting to the electrical conductor when the sensor is received in the chamber.

Abstract: The method and apparatus are intended for monitoring the concentration of a gas in a fluid medium, such as in a liquid or gas medium. In a probe for measuring the temperature and gas concentration in the fluid medium, a gas concentration sensor comprising first and second electrodes is supported at a probe end of a tubular support. The probe end, in use, contacts the fluid medium. A thermocouple comprising a thermocouple junction and two thermocouple wires extends within the tubular support and the first electrode of the gas concentration sensor is electrically connected to the thermocouple. In the method for monitoring gas concentration, the gas concentration is measured by monitoring a voltage between at least one of the thermocouple wires and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a probe for measuring hydrogen concentration in molten metals comprising a probe body and a hydrogen sensor. The sensor structure is based on a sensor body having a wall within which a sealed cavity is defined. The cavity contains a solid reference material for generating a reference partial pressure of hydrogen within the cavity. At least a portion of the wall of the cavity is formed from a solid electrolyte material carrying a measurement electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte outside the cavity and a reference electrode on a surface of the solid electrolyte within the cavity, exposed to the reference partial pressure of hydrogen. An electrical conductor extends from the reference electrode through the wall of the cavity to an external surface of the sensor body. The probe body comprises a chamber for receiving the sensor and a reference-signal connection for connecting to the electrical conductor when the sensor is received in the chamber.