Abstract: This invention relates to methods for removing chewing gum and residues thereof from substrates using chewing gum modifying compositions comprising ionic liquids. In one embodiment, the chewing gum modifying composition may be used together with one or more oxidising reagents. In another embodiment, the chewing gum removal compositions further comprise one or more enzymes and one or more enzyme mediator compounds. The invention further relates to novel ionic liquid and enzyme compositions that are suitable for use in removing chewing gum residues.