Abstract: A bipolar electrode comprising a cathode substrate loaded with a halogen complexing agent that has a structure of formula Q+(RA)(RB)(RC)(RD)X?, is disclosed. The bipolar electrode also comprises a bipolar electrode plate having a cathode surface and an anode surface, wherein the cathode surface opposes the anode surface. The cathode surface at least partially contacts the cathode substrate. An electrochemical cell and a battery stack comprising the bipolar electrode, and a process for manufacturing the bipolar electrode are also disclosed.

Abstract: A chambered frame insert (2) for an electrolyte chamber of a battery (200) includes a plurality of ribs (4) laterally and defining a plurality of chambers (6), and a plurality of voids (8) each formed in a corresponding rib and configured to allow gas to travel between the plurality of chambers. The plurality of ribs are angled with respect to a horizontal lateral axis (H) of the frame insert.

Abstract: A method includes receiving current measurements from at least one current sensor configured to measure current of a battery system in communication with a power distribution network having a power plant. The method also includes receiving voltage measurements from at least one voltage sensor configured to measure voltage of the battery system and temperature measurements from at least one temperature sensor configured to measure temperature of the battery system. The method includes determining an impedance parameter of the battery system based on the received measurements, a temperature parameter of the battery system based on the received measurements, a predicted voltage parameter based on the impedance parameter, and a predicted temperature parameter based on the temperature parameter. The method includes commanding the battery system to charge power from the power plant or discharge power from the power plant based on the predicted voltage parameter and the predicted temperature parameter.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve assembly includes a carrier, a valve, and a baffle. The carrier includes a first end and a second end. The first end defines a first opening. The second end defines a second opening. The carrier defines a flow passage extending from the first opening to the second opening. The valve is supported by the carrier and is operable in an open position and a closed position. In the open position, the valve permits a flow of fluid through the first opening. In the closed position, the valve inhibits the flow of fluid through the first opening. The baffle is disposed in the flow passage. The baffle and the carrier collectively define a flowpath extending through the flow passage.

Abstract: Bipolar electrodes comprising a carbon felt loaded with a polymer material and a nanocarbon material are described herein. The bipolar electrodes are useful in electrochemical cells. In particular, the loaded carbon felt can be used in bipolar electrodes of zinc-halide electrolyte batteries. Processes for manufacturing the loaded carbon felt are also described, involving contacting (e.g., dipping) a carbon felt in a mixture of solvent, polymer material and nanocarbon material.

Abstract: The present invention provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for use in static or non-flowing rechargeable electrochemical cells or batteries, wherein the electrolyte comprises a first deep eutectic solvent comprises a zinc salt, a second deep eutectic solvent comprising one or more quaternary ammonium salts, and a hydrogen bond donor. Another aspect of the present invention also provides a non-flowing rechargeable electrochemical cell that employs the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance (e.g., energy efficiency, Coulombic efficiency, and/or the like). One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance (e.g., energy efficiency, Coulombic efficiency, and/or the like). One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

Abstract: A method includes receiving current measurements from at least one current sensor configured to measure current of a battery system in communication with a power distribution network having a power plant. The method also includes receiving voltage measurements from at least one voltage sensor configured to measure voltage of the battery system and temperature measurements from at least one temperature sensor configured to measure temperature of the battery system. The method includes determining an impedance parameter of the battery system based on the received measurements, a temperature parameter of the battery system based on the received measurements, a predicted voltage parameter based on the impedance parameter, and a predicted temperature parameter based on the temperature parameter. The method includes commanding the battery system to charge power from the power plant or discharge power from the power plant based on the predicted voltage parameter and the predicted temperature parameter.

Abstract: A chambered frame insert (2) for an electrolyte chamber of a battery (200) includes a plurality of ribs (4) laterally and defining a plurality of chambers (6), and a plurality of voids (8) each formed in a corresponding rib and configured to allow gas to travel between the plurality of chambers. The plurality of ribs are angled with respect to a horizontal lateral axis (H) of the frame insert.

Abstract: The present invention provides a terminal assembly, and storage batteries comprising a terminal assembly, wherein the terminal assembly comprises a conductive cup-shaped member comprising a terminal wall in electric communication with a terminal of the electrochemical cell when the terminal wall is in contact with the terminal; a sidewall; and a rim separated from the terminal wall by the sidewall; and a bipolar endplate having first and second surfaces parallel with the terminal wall and joining to the rim at the first surface, the joining enabling bi-directional uniform current flow through the cup-shaped member between the terminal and the endplate when the terminal wall is in contact with the terminal, the endplate having an electrochemically active region comprising a first surface area enclosed by the rim and a remaining second surface area outside an outer periphery of the rim, the first and second surface areas being substantially equal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous electrolyte for use in rechargeable zinc-halide storage batteries that possesses improved stability and durability and improves zinc-halide battery performance. One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolyte for use in a secondary zinc bromine electrochemical cell comprising from about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of ZnBr2 by weight of the electrolyte; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KBr; from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % of KCl; and one or more quaternary ammonium agents, wherein the electrolyte comprises from about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more quaternary ammonium agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising a molten anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte salt, wherein the electrolyte salt is situated between the molten anode and the cathode during the operation of the electrochemical cell, and the molten anode comprises an aluminum material; also provided are batteries comprising a plurality of such rechargeable electrochemical cells and processes for manufacturing such rechargeable electrochemical cells.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to mechanical-chemical energy storage. In particular, the invention relates to a mechanical-chemical energy storage system that stores energy by simultaneously compressing a gas to a higher enthalpy state and recovering the heat of compression by driving a somewhat reversible chemical reaction. The heat energy in the chemical reaction is then recovered while the gas is expanding to a lower enthalpy state.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fully electrically rechargeable metal anode battery systems and methods of achieving such systems. An electrically rechargeable metal anode cell may comprise a metal electrode, an air contacting electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte separating the metal electrode and the air contacting electrode. In some embodiments, the metal electrode may directly contact the liquid electrolyte and no separator or porous membrane is needed between the air contacting electrode and the electrolyte. Rechargeable metal anode cells may be electrically connected to one another through a centrode connection where a metal electrode of one cell and an air contacting electrode of a second cell are electrically connected. Air tunnels or pathways may be provided between individual metal anode cells arranged in a stack. In some embodiments, an electrolyte flow management system may also be provided to maintain liquid electrolyte at constant levels during charge and discharge cycles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel electrochemical cell that comprises a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, where an ion species present in the electrolyte intercalates into the cathode upon discharge of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The invention provides for a fully electrically rechargeable metal anode battery systems and methods of achieving such systems. An electrically rechargeable metal anode cell may comprise a metal electrode, an air contacting electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte separating the metal electrode and the air contacting electrode. In some embodiments, the metal electrode may directly contact the liquid electrolyte and no separator or porous membrane is needed between the air contacting electrode and the electrolyte. Rechargeable metal anode cells may be electrically connected to one another through a centrode connection where a metal electrode of one cell and an air contacting electrode of a second cell are electrically connected. Air tunnels or pathways may be provided between individual metal anode cells arranged in a stack. In some embodiments, an electrolyte flow management system may also be provided to maintain liquid electrolyte at constant levels during charge and discharge cycles.

Abstract: Performance, properties and stability of bifunctional air electrodes may be improved by using modified current collectors, and improving water wettability of air electrode structures. This invention provides information on creating non-corroding, electrically rechargeable, bifunctional air electrodes. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes a corrosion-resistant outer layer and an electrically conductive inner layer. In some embodiments, this bifunctional air electrode includes titanium suboxides formed by reducing titanium dioxide. Titanium suboxides may be corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive.