Abstract: A backup system of a ring network and a backup method of a ring network are provided. The backup system of a ring network includes a plurality of switches. Each switch includes two main connection ports and two redundant connection ports. One of the two main connection ports of each switch is connected to one of the two main connection ports of an adjacent switch via a main link, and one of the two redundant connection ports of each switch is connected to one of the redundant connection ports of an adjacent switch via a redundant link. The main links are preset to be in a work state, and the redundant links are preset to be in a backup state. When one of the main links is faulty, the redundant link corresponding to the faulty main link is converted to be in the work state.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an automatically-switchable network extension apparatus and a switching method thereof. An automatic connection mechanism is particularly introduced into the apparatus. Exemplarily, a random number scheme is used to generate a value to be a basis for configuring the apparatus functioned as a CO or CPE operational mode. Based on the value, the method is to perform a connection with the other network extension apparatus. According to the embodiment, a set of connection parameters and the randomly-generated value are generated after the apparatus is initialized. The apparatus may be configured as CO or CPE operational mode according to the value, and simultaneously detect the operational mode of the apparatus to be linked. The apparatus accomplishes the connection if the two apparatuses have different modes, or the value is generated again to perform the connection.

Abstract: System, apparatus, and method for extending network with power supply are disclosed. The apparatus includes a processing unit, a signal and power integration unit, a power supply unit, a transmission rate regulation unit, a display unit, and a symmetric transmission control unit. The signal and power integration unit integrates the electrical power with the data packages, so that the normal data transmission line can also transmit electrical power alone with signals to the electrical devices which are connected to the network extending apparatus. Therefore, the electrical devices do not need any extra power transmission line or independent power supply for obtaining the requisite power.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network-connection redundant system for devices with cascade networking capability, and a method applied on the system. Every device capable of network connection preferably has two network ports, which are respectively connected to the same or different network nodes. The route of network packets can be controlled by defining the roles of ports. One emergent redundant connection is achieved. According to the preferred embodiment, every port is defined as one role such as forward port or blocked port after the network formed by the nodes and devices is initialized. It is featured that a plurality of connection-confirmation packets periodically transmitted or received by the network nodes are used to determine whether state of the connection changes or not. If there is any change, the role for each port is re-defined based on the relevant information. A redundant connection is then established.

Abstract: Disclosed are an expandable network system and a redundant method applied to the system. According to one embodiment, the network system may be a ring-type or linear-type network system. A plurality of network nodes form one or more sub-networks. Many interconnected sub-networks form another network. While the network system is initialized, the method defines the role of each network port of each network node in each sub-network. Concurrently, every network port interconnected between the sub-networks is also defined to be a blocked port or a forward port. This mechanism defining the role of each port not only prevents the possible broadcast storm occurred in the network system, but also modifies the network signaling path by re-defining the roles of the ports while the connection changes. Therefore, the expandable network system and the method achieve a fast-redundant connection scheme, and the more flexible network-expanding function.

Abstract: An adjustable housing frame with industrial rails includes a fixed plate, two movable plates and at least two positioning pieces. A front side of the fixed plate is provided with a rail. Both ends of the fixed plate are provided with two opposite rails respectively. Each set if the two opposite rails is provided with at least one positioning hole. One of the two movable plates is provided in the two rails at one end of the fixed plate, and the other movable plate is provided in the two rails at the other end of the fixed plate. Edges of the two movable plates are provided with a plurality of positioning troughs. The two positioning pieces pass through the two positioning holes and extend into the positioning troughs respectively. The two positioning pieces are stopped on inner walls of the positioning trough.

Abstract: A fixing device is provided on a casing of an industrial communication product, which includes a fixing plate, at least one elastic piece with an end, a pulling element, and an elastic element. The fixing plate is provided with at least two first connecting portions. The elastic piece is disposed corresponding to the first connecting portions. The pulling element is provided with two stoppers and at least two second connecting portions. The two second connecting portions are slidingly connected to the two first connecting portions. The pulling element is movable between a first position and a second position; wherein when at the first position, the end of the elastic piece abuts the second connecting portion; when at the second position, the end of the elastic piece is stopped by the second connecting portion, and thereby unlocking the industrial communication product, thus making the product accessible for repair and testing.

Abstract: A ring network redundancy method is disclosed. If somewhere the connection of the ring network is damaged and broken, then the state of an initially blocked port that has been assigned as blocked is set as forward so as to keep the network functioning. And after the problem is repaired, a newly assigned blocked port is then assigned so that there is now once more a blocked ported; wherein the position of this newly assigned blocked port is set directly at one of the two ends of the repaired network line. Thereby the resettling time for the position of the newly assigned blocked port is reduced, thus the ring network system becomes much more stable.

Abstract: Received Ethernet MII packets are converted to T1/E1 HDSL frames and received T1/E1 HDSL frames are converted into Ethernet MII packets. When Ethernet MII format 4 bit data packets are received they are converted into 8 bit data packets, each 8 bit data packet having an associated signal bit. For T1, a series of twenty-one 8 bit data packets and associated signal bit are combined with three pass bits into a 192 bit T1 HDSL frame. The series of twenty-one multiple 8 bit packets and associated signal bit with three pass bits are transmitted in HDSL format.When T1 HDSL frames having a series of twenty-one 9 bit packets, each 9 bit packet including 8 data bits with an associated signal bit, and three pass bits, are received, the series of twenty-one 9 bit packets and three pass bits are converted into twenty-one groups of 9 bit packets, each 9 bit packet including an 8 bit data packet with an associated signal bit.