Abstract: Grape material is processed to yield a grape extract high in concentrated polyphenols, with ORAC values exceeding at least about 10,000 ?mol TE/g. The grape material is dried, and soaked in ethanol to commence desired concentrate extraction. Following ethanol removal, inactive residue is at least partially separated from the desired concentrate solution, which passes through a macroporous absorption resin that absorbs desired active ingredients. Ethanol resin washing yields an intermediate extraction solution. After ethanol removal, the intermediate extract solution with the mixed active ingredients is refined. During refinement, high concentration of polyphenols and monomeric phenols are separated, and collected. These collected materials yield a desired high ORAC extract solution. Further drying yields the desired material, which is tested and packaged. This material exhibits good water solubility, mild flavor, and can be added to foodstuffs and nutritional supplements as a beneficial antioxidant.

Abstract: A glucosamine sample is analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to determine whether the glucosamine sample is corn-based, e.g., vegetable-based, as opposed to shellfish-based. The isotope ratio mass spectrometer yields an isotopic value for ? 13C that is compared to a reference isotope value for corn, typically about ?12.0%. If there is substantial agreement between the two ratios, then it is known with reasonable certainty that the glucosamine origin is corn and is thus vegetable-based. If there is substantial disagreement between the two ratios, it is known that the glucosamine is not corn-based and is likely shellfish-based. In this fashion, end consumers who cannot consume shellfish-based glucosamine, for reasons of religion or allergy, can purchase glucosamine with greater confidence.

Abstract: Grape material is processed to yield a grape extract high in concentrated polyphenols, with ORAC values exceeding at least about 10,000 ?mol TE/g. The grape material is dried, and soaked in ethanol to commence desired concentrate extraction. Following ethanol removal, inactive residue is at least partially separated from the desired concentrate solution, which passes through a macroporous absorption resin that absorbs desired active ingredients. Ethanol resin washing yields an intermediate extraction solution. After ethanol removal, the intermediate extract solution with the mixed active ingredients is refined. During refinement, high concentration of polyphenols and monomeric phenols are separated, and collected. These collected materials yield a desired high ORAC extract solution. Further drying yields the desired material, which is tested and packaged. This material exhibits good water solubility, mild flavor, and can be added to foodstuffs and nutritional supplements as a beneficial antioxidant.