Abstract: Radiation detector for measuring one or more characteristics of a radiation, comprising one or more detector pixels, a clock pulse generator, each detector pixel comprising a sensor producing an electrical signal in response to an event of a photon or charged particle of said radiation impinging on said sensor; a pixel electronics adapted for receiving and processing said electrical signal, comprising an analog processing unit for amplifying and shaping said electrical signal and producing a shaped pulse said pixel electronics comprises time determination unit for counting the TOT-count, the TOT-count being the number of clock pulses occurring during the time interval when said shaped pulse is above a threshold. Said pixel electronics comprises a plurality of event counters, each event counter counting the number of events having a TOT-count in a predefined ranges.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 11, 2008
Date of Patent:
June 30, 2015
Assignees:
European Organization For Nuclear Research (CERN), Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Ion Beam Applications S.A.
Inventors:
Michael Campbell, Xavier Llopart Cudie, Lukas Tlustos, Winnie Sze-Wing Wong, Rafael Ballabriga Suñe, Gisela Anton, Thilo Michel, Michael Böhnel, Karl L. Schwartz, Uwe Mollenhauer, Ernst Fritsch
Abstract: In a flat panel solar collector adapted to be evacuable and vacuum-tight, at least one absorber is provided. At least one conduit is provided which is at least partially thermally associated with the at least one absorber. A holding structure is provided comprising a perimetric frame. At least one first transparent wall is provided, the first transparent wall and the holding structure having a overlapping area. At least one side of the first transparent wall comprises at least partially at said overlapping area a metal coating forming at least one metallized area on the transparent wall. A first soft metal ribbon is provided sealing the junction between the first transparent wall and the holding structure and which is soldered to the holding structure and to the metallized area of the first transparent wall.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 22, 2004
Date of Patent:
October 12, 2010
Assignee:
European Organization for Nuclear Research-CERN
Abstract: In a flat Panel solar collector adapted to be evacuable and vacuum-tight, at least one absorber is provided. At least one conduit is provided which is at least Partially thermally associated with the at least one absorber. A holding structure is provided comprising a perimetric frame. At least one first transparent wall is provided, the first transparent wall and the holding structure having a overlapping area. At least one side of the first transparent wall comprises at least partially at said overlapping area a metal coating forming at least one metallized area on the transparent wall. A first soft metal ribbon is provided sealing the junction between the first transparent wall and the holding structure and which is soldered to the holding structure and to the metallized area of the first transparent wall.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 22, 2004
Publication date:
February 22, 2007
Applicant:
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH - CERN
Abstract: A bath composition for the electropolishing of a metal surface made of nonalloyed titanium is disclosed. The bath composition may comprise sulfuric acid of 2 to 40% by volume, hydrofluoric acid of 10 to 18% by volume and acetic acid of 42 to 62% by volume.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 19, 2001
Date of Patent:
August 26, 2003
Assignee:
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)