Abstract: A microscope apparatus includes an illumination optical system that illuminates a sample, an observation optical system that guides light from the sample, and an intensity modulator that is provided in a pupil of the observation optical system or a position optically conjugate with the pupil and reduces light incident on the intensity modulator. The light utilization rate distribution as an intensity transmittance distribution of the intensity modulator in the pupil or in an image of the pupil monotonously increases or monotonously decreases in a first direction. The light utilization rate distribution varies on both sides of a center of an optical axis.

Abstract: The light measurement device includes: a photodetector that detects pulsed signal light and outputs a detection signal including an exponential response; an A/D conversion circuit that converts the detection signal into a digital signal; and a processor that performs setting of a transformation matrix for inversely converting the digital signal, and inverse conversion of the digital signal by the set transformation matrix to calculate an estimated pulse of the signal light.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data generation method includes the following processing. A processor acquires two or more images of a component inside a turbine. The processor detects two or more correspondence regions that are the same regions in at least two images. The processor determines whether at least part of a region of each image is a change region or a non-change region. The processor generates three-dimensional data by using a correspondence region determined to be the change region without using a correspondence region determined to be the non-change region.

Abstract: A refractive index distribution generation device includes a processor and a memory. The processor performs a refractive index distribution generation process of generating a refractive index distribution corresponding to a processing-target image. The refractive index distribution generation process includes an input process of inputting, from the memory, the processing-target image, first refractive index information indicating a refractive index of a first structure, and second refractive index information indicating a refractive index of a second structure different from the first structure, and a setting process of setting respective refractive indexes that constitute a refractive index distribution.

Abstract: A method of adjusting an optical apparatus that acquires an image of a sample includes the steps of moving a focusing section included in the optical apparatus in a direction in which a contrast of a first image of the sample increases, and adjusting an aberration amount occurring in the optical apparatus in a direction in which a contrast of a second image of the sample increases.

Abstract: An observation system includes: an illumination device that illuminates an observation object with illumination light from a plurality of different directions; an imaging device that includes an objective that condenses light from the observation object and images the observation object with the light collected by the objective; and a control unit. The control unit calculates a focus position of the imaging device based on a plurality of image groups acquired by the imaging device at observation positions different from each other in an optical axis direction of the objective, each of the plurality of image groups including a plurality of images of the observation object illuminated from directions different from each other by the illumination device.

Abstract: A sample image generation device includes a memory and a processor. A first image is an image obtained by capturing an image of a sample. A predetermined direction in the first image is a direction in which a virtual observation optical system is present among optical axis directions of the virtual observation optical system. The processor acquires the first image from the memory, divides the first image into a plurality of areas, acquires a refractive index distribution of the sample from the memory, calculates a point spread function using the refractive index distribution, generates second images using the point spread function, combines the second images, and generates a third image corresponding to the first image. In the calculation process, the point spread function of a first area is calculated using the refractive index distribution of each area included in an area group. The first area is an area for which the point spread function is to be calculated.

Abstract: An observation apparatus includes a display apparatus that displays a display pattern, a display projection optical system that projects a light beam from the display apparatus, and forms an image of the display pattern, a combining optical element that combines a light beam from a sample and a light beam from the display apparatus, and an eyepiece optical system that enables an observer to simultaneously observe an image of the sample and an image of the display pattern, in which a numerical aperture (NA) of a light beam from the display apparatus is smaller than a maximum value of an NA of a light beam from the sample, and is larger than a minimum value of an NA of a light beam from the sample, at a position of an image on an optical path that is formed after light beams are combined by the combining optical element.

Abstract: An objective includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, and a positive third lens group including two or more lens components, in which the first, second, and third lens groups are sequentially disposed from an object side. The first lens group includes a meniscus-shaped first lens having positive refractive power, in which the first lens has a concave surface facing an image side, and a meniscus-shaped second lens having positive refractive power, in which the second lens has a concave surface facing the image side. The second lens group includes two or more positive lenses and one or more negative lenses. The total number of lenses included in the second lens group is seven or more. The objective satisfies the following conditional expressions. 1.6 ? fL / TTL ? 5 ( 1 ) 2 ? ER ? 1 ? F / ER ? 2 ? F ( 2 ) 1.

Abstract: Provided is an optical signal detection device that includes: an objective; a holding member provided between the objective and a sample to hold the sample; and a gel member that fills a space between the objective and the holding member. The gel member has ¼ scale penetration indicating a value of 44 to 111, both inclusive, measured based on a penetration test using a ¼ scale cone of JIS K 2220.

Abstract: A microscope system includes an eyepiece, an objective, a tube lens, an imaging apparatus, a projection apparatus that projects a projection image onto an image plane between the tube lens and the eyepiece on which an optical image is formed, and a control apparatus. The control apparatus manages microscope information including at least a first magnification at which an image of the sample is projected onto the image plane, a second magnification at which an image of the sample is projected onto the imaging apparatus, a third magnification at which an image of the projection apparatus is projected onto the image plane, and sizes of the imaging apparatus and the projection apparatus. The control apparatus includes a processor. The processor generates projection image data representing the projection image based on at least the microscope information.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data generation method includes the following processing. A processor acquires two or more images of a component inside a turbine. The processor detects two or more correspondence regions that are the same regions in at least two images. The processor determines whether at least part of a region of each image is a change region or a non-change region. The processor generates three-dimensional data by using a correspondence region determined to be the change region without using a correspondence region determined to be the non-change region.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: acquire a first wavelength image and a second wavelength image, the first wavelength image being generated by irradiating a stage and by capturing light that has passed through the stage, the second wavelength image being generated by irradiating a specimen and by capturing light that has passed through the stage and the specimen, the specimen including a core tissue; calculate a spectral transmittance image; cause a display to display at least one of the spectral transmittance image and the second wavelength image as a display image; extract an area of the spectral transmittance image having spectral transmittance similar to spectral transmittance of a reference area in the display image as a core tissue area of the core tissue; and calculate an amount of the core tissue area.

Abstract: A method for assisting in cell isolation from a biological tissue section includes: obtaining cell images that are each an image of cells isolated from the biological tissue section, the biological tissue section being soaked in a solution containing an enzyme; calculating, from the cell images, a number of the cells isolated from the biological tissue section as an indicator of the cell isolation from the biological tissue section; and visualizing a temporal change in the indicator on the basis of a history of the indicator.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a cell analyzer that analyzes an image of cells cultured within a culture container and that acquires the number of cell divisions experienced by each cell in the image, and also includes a statistical analyzer that calculates a statistical value indicating differentiation potency of each cell in the image from the number of cell divisions acquired by the cell analyzer. The statistical analyzer creates a frequency distribution of the number of cell divisions, and the statistical value represents a bias in the frequency distribution.

Abstract: A data management system includes: an input control unit (110) that adds measurement data uploaded by designating a theme that is a unit of access control and acquired by a measurement system, to a dataset classified based on metadata included in the measurement data, within the theme; a management control unit (120) that associates the dataset with a chapter that is a unit of status management and is provided within the theme; and a display control unit (130) that displays information managed by the data management system.

Abstract: An endoscopic image processing apparatus is configured to create a three-dimensional shape model of an object by performing processing on an endoscopic image group of an inside of the object, and includes a processor. The processor estimates a self-position of the image pickup device based on the endoscopic image group, calculates a first displacement amount corresponding to a displacement amount of the image pickup device based on an estimation result of the self-position of the image pickup device obtained by the estimation, calculates a second displacement amount corresponding to a displacement amount in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion portion, based on a detection signal outputted from an insertion/removal state detection device that detects an insertion/removal state of an insertion portion inserted into the object, and generates scale information in which the first displacement amount and the second displacement amount are associated with each other.

Abstract: An observation device includes: an illumination system that is disposed on a downward side of a sample and emits illumination light from the downward side toward an upward side of the sample; an imaging system that is disposed on the downward side and images the sample with transmitted light that is reflected on the upward side in the illumination light emitted from the illumination system and is transmitted through the sample from the upward side to the downward side; and a control unit that executes imaging control using the illumination system and the imaging system. The control unit controls an exposure amount in correspondence with required time for the imaging control which includes required operation time and required pause time determined based on imaging conditions.

Abstract: A method for examining a culture solution containing a pH indicator and accommodated in a culture container includes: measuring, as a baseline intensity, an intensity of light that has passed through a solution and the culture container; measuring, as a measurement intensity, an intensity of light that has passed through the culture solution and the culture container; obtaining light source information including first information pertaining to the light source that is provided when measuring the baseline intensity and second information pertaining to the light source that is provided when measuring the measurement intensity; and on the basis of the baseline intensity, the measurement intensity, and the light source information, calculating an absorbance of the pH indicator at at least one wavelength included in emitted light from the light source.

Abstract: A microscope image of a cultured cell cluster derived from a cancer specimen of a patient is acquired. A measured value of a gene expression level of the cluster is acquired. Based on the image, a morphological representation identifiably expressing, by a vector quantity of a plurality of dimensions, a morphological difference between a group of cell clusters cultured from the same cancer specimen and a group of cell clusters cultured from another cancer specimen is acquired. The acquired morphological representation is input to a function, which is obtained by fitting the measured value with respect to the morphological representation, to acquire a prediction value of the gene expression level. Prediction accuracy is estimated based on the prediction value and the measured value. Based on the estimated prediction accuracy, a gene related to a morphological change of the cell cluster is extracted as a gene candidate.