Abstract: The invention permits the particularly simple, rapid and economic application of measuring elements (100) to objects to be measured (200). This is ensured by means of the integration of a functional material (140) on the connecting surface (113) of a measuring element (100). The mechanical connection is produced by activating the functional material (140). In this way, for example, the application times for strain sensors are drastically reduced. Furthermore, a defined thickness of the remaining functional material (140) is implemented and therefore reproducible properties of the connection are ensured.

Abstract: An optical variation device includes a liquid-crystal element having optical properties that control the propagation of light and two substrate plates arranged on either side of the liquid-crystal element. The two substrate plates are covered respectively with first and second control electrodes. Each electrode has a substantially central-opening referred to as the optical aperture. The device also has a layer of a material arranged between the electrodes and filling the optical aperture. The material has a surface resistivity of 10 k?/square to 10 G?/square and at least the first electrode is divided into a plurality of portions forming sub-electrodes suitable for simultaneously receiving different potentials.