Abstract: A process for making a poly alpha-olefin (PAO) having a relatively high vinylidene content (or combined vinylidene and tri-substituted vinylene content) and a relatively low vinyl and/or di-substituted vinylene content, as well as a relatively low molecular weight. The process includes: contacting a feed containing a C2-C32 alpha-olefin with a catalyst system comprising activator and a bis-cyclopentadienyl metallocene compound, typically a cyclopentadienyl-benzindenyl group 4 transition metal compound.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluids are provided for use during solvent-assisted hydroprocessing of pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar. The hydrocarbon-containing fluids can be used at any convenient time, such as during start-up of a pyrolysis process when recycled liquid pyrolysis product is not available; when the amount of liquid pyrolysis product available for recycle is not sufficient to maintain desired hydroprocessing conditions; and/or when the changes to the quality of the liquid pyrolysis product reduce the suitability of the recycle stream for use as a utility fluid.

Abstract: Metal oxides are provided that have selective hydrogen combustion activity while also acting as solid oxygen carriers (SOCs). The metal oxides correspond to a metal oxide core of at least one metal having multiple oxidation states that is modified with an alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal halogen (such as an alkali metal chloride). The resulting modified metal oxide, corresponding to a solid oxygen carrier, can allow for selective combustion of hydrogen while reducing or minimizing combustion of hydrocarbons, such as within a propane dehydrogenation environment. Additionally, it has been unexpectedly found that modifying the core metal oxide with the alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal chloride can also mitigate coke formation on the solid oxygen carrier. Methods of using such metal oxides for selective hydrogen combustion are also provided.

Abstract: Processes and systems for pyrolysing a hydrocarbon feed for a predetermined period of time, e.g., by steam cracking. The process can include determining a first amount of silicon material present in the hydrocarbon feed that is to be steam cracked to produce a steam cracker effluent. The process can also include determining a second amount of silicon material that will be present in a steam cracker naphtha that is to be separated from the steam cracker effluent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conversion of petroleum resid fluid through atomization and pyrolysis, including: generating a stream of atomized resid fluid; and delivering the stream to a plurality of cracking particles, wherein the cracking particles have a temperature from 700° C. to 1200° C. when the stream is delivered. Generating the stream of atomized resid fluid may include: delivering heated resid fluid to a nozzle; and delivering diluent fluid to the nozzle. A method and apparatus includes: a first multi-phase fluid application device configured to generate a first stream of atomized resid fluid; a port configured to guide a plurality of cracking particles to intersect the first stream; and a particle heating component configured to heat the cracking particles before the particles intersect the first stream.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for production of polyolefins from olefin monomer(s) in a gas phase reactor using condensing agent(s) (CAs), and in particular relates to controlling condensed phase cooling in a gas phase reactor used to polymerize olefin monomer(s). The method may include introducing first and second condensing agent(s) into the reactor at ratio(s) determined by ascertaining a stick limit for the first condensing agent, calculating an equivalence factor relating the first and second condensing agents, ascertaining total allowable condensing agent, and calculating amount of the first condensing agent removed and replaced by the second condensing agent. The method may further include calculating the dew point limit of a gas phase composition including olefin monomer(s) as well as the first and second condensing agents; and determining if introducing a mixture comprising the olefin monomer(s) and the condensing agent composition would exceed the calculated dew point limit.

Abstract: Provided herein are monolayer films, and also multilayer films comprising a core, a subskin disposed on the core, and a skin disposed on the subskin. The films may have an Elmendorf tear in MD greater than about 7.0 g/?m, a dart impact greater than about 6.0 g/?m, and a 1% secant modulus greater than about 200 MPa. In multilayer films, the core comprises a first polyethylene blend comprising an ethylene 1-hexene copolymer and a high density polyethylene composition in an amount between about 0 wt. % and about 40 wt. %. Further provided herein are bags and laminates comprising the present films.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for reducing or minimizing fouling within the primary fractionator of a pyrolysis reaction system. The reduced or minimized fouling can be achieved in part by providing one or more pump-around trays in the primary fractionator below the level of the fractionation trays for an intermediate product produced by the fractionator. Including a pump-around section below the fractionation trays can improve vapor distribution within the fractionation trays, which are believed to have an increased likelihood of accumulation of foulant deposits. Optionally, other vapor distribution devices can be included along with the pump-around section.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing steam cracking on a feed while using direct heating of the reaction environment. The heating of the reaction environment can be achieved in part by transporting heat transfer particles from a heating zone to cracking zone. This can be performed in a fluidized bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, a riser reactor, or another type of reactor that can allow for catalyst movement and regeneration during operation.

Abstract: A method for regulating use of stored diluent in a polymerization process so as to maximize use of diluent recycled diluent recovered from the process, and so minimize use of stored diluent, is disclosed. Also disclosed is apparatus, particularly as an arrangement of controllers and valves for handling the flow of diluent through the process that can be used to implement the disclosed process.

Abstract: An exhaust steam stream having an absolute pressure from 200 kPa to 1,050 kPa and shaft power are produced from an extraction turbine and/or a back-pressure turbine. The exhaust steam stream can be supplied to an amine regenerator of an amine CO2 separation process. The shaft power can be utilized to drive equipment in a hydrocarbon processing plant such as an olefins production plant.

Abstract: Conduits for cooling a hydrocarbon stream and processes for using same. The conduit can include a first inner wall defining a first bore, a second inner wall defining a second bore, and an outer wall disposed about the first and second inner walls. The conduit can also include an annular support wall connected to an inner surface of the outer wall. An end of the second inner wall and an end of the annular support wall can define a perimeter opening that can be in fluid communication with the second bore. An annular flexible ring can be bonded to the annular support wall and can flexibly contact the first inner wall. A substantially annular cavity can be disposed between the second inner and the outer walls and in fluid communication with the perimeter opening. A quench fluid introduction port can be configured to introduce a quench fluid into the cavity.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method for producing a polyolefin includes contacting a first composition and a second composition in in a line to form a third composition, wherein: the first composition comprises a contact product of a first catalyst, a second catalyst, a support, a first activator, and a diluent, wherein the mol ratio of second catalyst to first catalyst is from 60:40 to 40:60, the second composition comprises a contact product of the third catalyst, a second activator, and a second diluent, and the third composition comprises a mol ratio of the third catalyst to the second catalyst to the first catalyst of from 10:35:55 to 60:15:25, such as 30:20:30; introducing the third composition from the line into a gas-phase fluidized bed reactor; exposing the third composition to polymerization conditions; and obtaining a polyolefin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polypropylene compositions that have a high gloss and minimum or no haze while also having a high melt strength (e.g., high temperature resistance) and a relative high stiffness. Polypropylene compositions contain one or more base polypropylenes (e.g., trimmed polypropylenes (tPPs)) and one or more clarifying agents. The base or trimmed polypropylene contains at least 50 mol % of propylene and has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) in a range from 7 to 22, a z-average molecular weight of less than 2,500,000 g/mol, a branching index (g?vis) of at least 0.95, and a melt strength of less than 20 cN determined using an extensional rheometer at 190° C. The base or trimmed polypropylene can be produced from one or more high melt strength polypropylenes (HMS PPs).

Abstract: A fluidized reactor system includes a reactor containing a fluidized bed situated above a distributor plate arranged within the reactor, a fluidizing gas fed into the fluidized bed via the distributor plate to cause uniform fluidization of the fluidized bed and promote creation of solid polymeric granules, and a valve assembly penetrating a sidewall of the reactor to remove a mixture of the fluidizing gas and the solid polymeric granules from the fluidized bed. The valve assembly is coupled to the sidewall at a downward angle relative to the sidewall such that an upward-facing opening of the valve assembly extends into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides processes and apparatus for producing poly alpha olefins. In at least one embodiment, a process to produce a poly alpha olefin includes introducing a first olefin monomer to a first catalyst and an activator in a first reactor to form a first reactor effluent comprising olefin dimers and olefin timers. The process includes heating the first reactor effluent to form an isomerized product and introducing the isomerized product to a filtration unit to form a filtration effluent. The process may include introducing the filtration effluent to a first distillation unit to form a first distillation effluent. The process may include introducing the first distillation effluent to a second distillation unit to form a second distillation effluent. The process includes introducing the first distillation effluent and/or the second distillation effluent to a second catalyst in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent comprising the olefin timers.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogenation catalyst solution comprising a solid catalyst precursor and an activator mixed in a solvent solution where propylene or another alpha-olefin or combination thereof is then added to this solution to prevent the formation of solids and stabilize the solution. The hydrogenation catalyst solution can then be combined with a polymerization catalyst such as Ziegler-Natta catalyst in a polymerization reactor so as to remove excess hydrogen from the reactor during a polymerization process. Hydrogen is eliminated by converting a portion of the olefins (propylene and ethylene) present into alkanes (propane and ethane).

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to alkylated aromatic compounds useful as basestocks and additives for high viscosity applications. In an embodiment is provided an alkylated aromatic compound. In another embodiment is provided a lubricant formulation that includes an alkylated aromatic compound. In another embodiment is provided a lubricant formulation that includes an alkylated aromatic compound, an additive, and optionally, a Group III basestock, Group IV basestock, Group V basestock, or a combination thereof, the Group V basestock being different than the alkylated aromatic compound. In another embodiment is provided a method of forming a lubricant formulation that includes introducing a mPAO, an aromatic compound, and an acid catalyst to a reactor under reactor conditions to form an alkylated aromatic compound; and introducing the alkylated aromatic compound to an additive to form a lubricant formulation.

Abstract: Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polyolefin compositions and films and method for producing such films. The polyolefin composition contains about 40 wt % to about 95 wt % of a BOCD polyethylene and about 10 wt % to about 60 wt % of a polypropylene, by weight of the polyolefin composition. The polyolefin composition has a 1% secant flexural modulus MD of greater than 250 MPa and a 1% secant flexural modulus TD of greater than 300 MPa, as determined for a layer of the polyolefin composition having a thickness of about 50 ?m and a Dart Impact (Method A) of greater than 15 g/?m and an Elmendorf tear MD of greater than 7 g/?m, as determined for a film containing the polyolefin composition and having a thickness of about 90 ?m.