Abstract: Carbon and catalyst containing chars obtained from a catalytic coal gasification or combustion operation may be separated into two layers of fractions by contacting them with an inert gas so as to fluidize them and thereby separately recover fractions of carbon-rich chars and fractions of carbon-poor chars, and collecting the separate fractions. The carbon-rich chars may then be recycled to the gasifier to be gasified, and the carbon-poor chars may be treated to recover the catalyst. Larger catalyst containing chars may be effectively separated in the presence of a host medium of a bed of solids fluidized by the inert gas. Smaller chars may be separated in the absence of such a host medium.

Abstract: Compositions of matter are disclosed which are highly useful in hydroformylation processes. The compositions are non-charged, non-chelated bis- and tris-(alkyl diaryl phosphine) rhodium carbonyl hydrides. The substituents of the alkyl group includes heteroorganic radicals containing ether, ester, keto and hydroxy oxygen, phosphine oxide and phosphorus ester phosphorus, amine, amide, amine oxide and heterocyclic nitrogen groups.These compositions are highly stable and selective catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins under certain conditions. The disclosed catalyst systems contain a large excess of phosphine ligand and employ alpha-olefin plus synthesis gas reactant mixtures having a high H.sub.2 /CO ratio at relatively low pressures. They produce moslty aldehydes derived from terminal attack on the alpha-olefin reactant.