Abstract: A hydroprocessing process includes two cocurrent flow liquid reaction stages and one vapor stage, in which feed components are catalytically hydroprocessed by reacting with hydrogen. The liquid stages both produce a liquid and a hydrogen-rich vapor effluent, with most of the hydroprocessing accomplished in the first stage. The first stage vapor is also hydroprocessed. The hydroprocessed vapor and second stage vapor are cooled to condense and recover additional product liquid and produce an uncondensed hydrogen-rich vapor. After cleanup to remove contaminants, the hydrogen-rich vapor is recycled back into the first stage as treat gas. Fresh hydrogen is introduced into the second stage. This is useful for hydrotreating heteroatom-containing hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention is an asphaltene dispersant containing an aromatic, a sulfonic acid head, and an alkyl tail containing 16 carbons or more and at least one branch of a methyl or longer alkyl. Preferably, the aromatic is a fused two ring aromatic and the tail is a two, branched alkyl tail of 30 carbons or longer.

Abstract: Turbine oils of improved corrosion resistance comprise a synthetic ester base stock and additives comprising a combination of a dibasic carboxylic acid and a second component selected from alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid/anhydride ester or hemi-linear or branched ester and hydroxylated derivatives of such esters or hemi esters, and linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinimide or amino substituted succinimide.

Abstract: A gas conversion process in which both hydrocarbons and hydrogen are produced from a synthesis gas feed which comprises a mixture of H.sub.2 and CO, uses hydrogen from a portion of the feed for one or more of (i) hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst rejuvenation and (ii) hydroconversion upgrading of at least a portion of the synthesized hydrocarbons. Hydrogen is produced from a slipstream of the synthesis gas fed into the hydrocarbon synthesis reactor by one or more of (i) physical separation means such as pressure swing adsorption and (ii) chemical means such as a water gas shift reactor. If a shift reactor is used due to insufficient capacity of the synthesis gas generator, physical separation means such as pressure swing adsorption will still be used to separate a pure stream of hydrogen from the shift reactor gas effluent.

Abstract: A three stage hydroprocessing process includes two liquid and one vapor reaction stages, with a hydrogen containing vapor effluent produced in both liquid stages. The second liquid stage vapor effluent comprises part of the first liquid stage feed and the first liquid stage vapor effluent is the feed for the vapor stage. At least a portion of the hydrogen for the first liquid stage and vapor stage reactions is respectively provided by the hydrogen in the second and first liquid stage vapor effluents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards compositions of two or more zeolite layers. The compositions of the invention include zeolite compositions that are themselves catalytic as well as zeolite compositions used in combination with non-zeolite catalytic materials. The compositions may include a porous support.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a metal complex having the formula LMX.sub.1 X.sub.2. L is a bidentate nitrogen-containing ligand with more than two nitrogen atoms. M is copper, silver, or gold. X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of halogens, C.sub.1 through C.sub.12 straight chain, branched, or cycloalkyl or aryl, C.sub.1 through C.sub.12 straight chain, branched, or cycloalkoxy, hydride, triflate, trifluoroacetate, trisperfluorotetraphenylborate, and tetrafluoroborate. Such metal complexes have a tetrahedral or pseudo-tetrahedral structure. The invention relates to a catalyst composition of the reaction product of the metal complex and an activating cocatalyst. The invention is also directed towards a method for forming polymers and copolymers using such catalyst compositions, especially copolymers having segments formed from olefinic monomers and monomers having at least one hydrocarbyl polar functional group.

Abstract: A polymer nanocomposite composition having sufficiently low air permeability to be usefull as a tire inner liner, among other things, is prepared by blending a layered material with a metal processible non-ionic first polymer having a number average molecular weight greater than 50,000 g/mole and a second non-ionic polymer compatible with the first polymer and having a number average molecular weight less than that of the first polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for conversion of methanol, ethanol alone or in combination with n-propanol to isobutanol and the process for making and using the catalyst. The catalyst is a noble metal supported on at least a first phase of mixed oxide crystallites containing from about 60 to about 74 atomic % (on a metals basis only) zirconium, from about 21 to about 31 atomic % manganese and from about 5 to about 9 atomic % zinc, and less than about 1 atomic % alkali, a second phase of zirconium-doped hetaerolite particles containing from about 65 to about 69 atomic % manganese, from about 31 to about 35 atomic % zinc, from about 0.5 to about 5 atomic % zirconium, and optionally a trace atomic % of alkali, and a third phase containing from about 29 to about 55 atomic % manganese, from about 13 to about 55 atomic % zinc and from about 13 to about 35 atomic % zirconium. The first phase mixed oxide crystallites have a zirconium oxide-like structure have a particle size of at least about 40 .ANG.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward improved processes for the regeneration of noble metal-containing catalysts wherein iron contamination of the catalyst during regeneration is significantly diminished. It has been found that maintenance of any iron present in contact with the catalyst in the oxidized state (e.g., as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) during contact of the catalyst with a source of halogen in the regeneration haliding step results in a marked decrease in the degree of catalyst contamination by iron species.

Abstract: In an atmospheric pipestill stripping process where steam is utilized as the stripping gas to strip bottoms and side stream products, the improvement comprising utilizing methanol or a methanol and steam mixture as said stripping gas. In a refinery atmospheric pipestill stripping process utilizing a stripping gas, said process comprising utilizing a gas selected from the group consisting of methanol and a mixture of methanol and steam as said stripping gas.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for decreasing the acidity of a starting calcium containing, non-acid treated acidic crude oil by adding such an acidic crude oil to an effective amount of an aqueous base solution at conditions of pH and temperature sufficient to form an unstable emulsion of the acidic crude oil in the aqueous base solution; and breaking the emulsion to form a phase containing treated crude oil having a decreased acidity and aqueous phase residual containing base and neutralized acids. The invention has utility in crude oil processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing NO.sub.x reductants by injecting hydrocarbon into a diesel engine's combustion chamber during the expansion cycle. The secondary injected hydrocarbon is formed, under appropriate conditions, into oxygenates and olefins that are suitable for reducing NO.sub.x species in the presence of conventional exhaust catalysts. The appropriate injection timing is obtained by referring to a calibration obtained by direct engine measurements.

Abstract: Elemental sulfur and sulfur contaminants causing silver corrosion and present in fluids such as refined petroleum products, e.g., gasoline, jet, diesel, kerosene or fuel additives such as ethers, is removed from such fluids by contacting the contaminated fluid containing indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan or by adding to the fluids which lack or have insufficient indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan a quantity of hydrocarbyl mercaptan and passing the resulting mixture through an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of alumina, bayerite, brucite and hydrotalcite like materials of the formula M.sub.x.sup.2+ M.sub.y.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2x+3y-z (NO.sub.3) mH.sub.2 O wherein M.sup.2+ is magnesium, M.sup.3+ is aluminum, and x, y and z are values from 1 to 6 and m is the number of waters of hydration.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a paraffinic rich feed to provide a blended feed. The blended feed is then hydrotreated in a first hydrotreating stage to convert at least a portion of sulfur and nitrogen in the feed to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. After stripping, the feed is subjected to a second hydrotreating stage to provide a process oil.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for producing an improved lubricating base stock having a preselected desired oxidation stability comprising the steps of: (a) hydroisomerizing a hydrocarbon wax to obtain a lubricating base stock, (b) irradiating, within the frequency of about 4600 to about 3500 cm.sup.-1 or about 1300 to about 600 cm.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes of fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity and corrosivity by addition of suitable amounts of Group IA of Group IIA oxides, hydroxides and hydrates. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with treating acidic crude oils using liquid solvents and in reducing emulsion formation.

Abstract: Small amounts of primary, linear alcohols can be added to distillate fuels to improve the fuel's lubricity properties; particularly when the fuel has low or minimal lubricity.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a method for inhibiting the formation (nucleation, growth and agglomeration) of clathrate hydrates. The method comprises adding into a mixture of hydrate forming substituents and water, an effective amount of a hydrate anti-agglomerate selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, non-ionic and zwitterionic hydrate anti-agglomerate. The hydrate anti-agglomerant has a polar head group and a nonpolar tail group said nonpolar tail group not exceeding 11 carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil fractions to reduce their cloud and pour points comprises reacting the material with hydrogen in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst comprising at least one metal catalytic component and ferrierite in which at least a portion of its cation exchange positions are occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations. The rare earth ion exchanged ferrierite catalyst has good selectivity for lubricating oil production, particularly when dewaxing a Fischer-Tropsch wax hydroisomerate. Preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 15% of the ferreirite cation exchange capacity is occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations.