Abstract: This invention relates to the composition, method of making and use of a hydrocracking catalyst that is comprised of a new Y zeolite which exhibits an exceptionally low small mesoporous peak around the 40 ? (angstrom) range as determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements. The hydrocracking catalysts of invention exhibit improved distillate yield and selectivity as well as improved conversions at lower temperatures than conventional hydrocracking catalysts containing Y zeolites. The hydrocracking catalysts herein are particularly useful in the hydrocracking processes as disclosed herein, particularly for conversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks such as gas oils and vacuum tower bottoms and an associated maximization and/or improved selectivity of the distillate yield obtained from such hydrocracking processes.

Abstract: An exhaust path and a heated portion such as an air duct of an internal combustion engine are connected to each other by a heat pipe. A heat pipe working fluid (water) vaporized by the heat of the exhaust gas in a heat receiving portion of the heat pipe is condensed in a heat discharging portion of the heat pipe and heated in the heated portion by the heat of the exhaust gas. An outer cylinder is formed around the casing of the heat pipe, and the exhaust path and the heated portion are connected to each other through heat insulating members, while at the same time supporting the heat pipe body through heat insulating members.

Abstract: Wax compositions suitable for use in making construction boards are prepared by blending a wax or oil having a low n-paraffin content with a wax having a higher n-paraffin content to provide a wax composition having at least 21 wt % of n-paraffins.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for decreasing the viscosity of crude oils and residuum utilizing a combination of acid and sonic treatment.