Abstract: The present invention overcomes several disadvantages in conventional tires by providing a non-marking surface to the tire. The tire can be a pneumatic bias tire having a pair of parallel annular beads, at least one carcass ply wrapped around the beads, a non-marking tread cap, a tread base and sidewalls. A colorant may be added to the composition of the tread cap to create a tire having a colored, non-marking tread cap.

Abstract: In a multi-piece wheel rim assembly for a large industrial vehicle, the side rings (40 and 42) are each coated with a layer of carbon steel (60, 69) to form a convex L-shaped bearing surface (56, 66), and the surfaces of the rim base (20) and bead seat (34) which face the side rings are likewise coated with layers of carbon steel (62, 68) to form a concave L-shaped bearing surface (58 and 68), with the sizes and shapes of the bearing surfaces corresponding to each other. The side rings (40, 42) are able to move circumferentially with respect to the rim base and bead seat with reduced fretting and other deterioration of the facing parts.