Abstract: A low coherence enhanced backscattering tomography (LEBT) method is disclosed for depth-selective sensing of the superficial layer of tissue. 3D images of the microarchitecture and molecular conformation of the superficial layer of tissue are obtained. The method combines the high resolution advantage of low coherence light and the high sensitivity advantage of light scattering to tissue structure and composition. Intact tissue can be examined without the need of excision or processing. The method can be applied in in situ measurements. According to the method, 3D images of the nuclear morphology and cellular structure for the superficial layer of the tissue are generated; this is particularly useful in detecting cancer and precancer at the earliest stage of carcinogenesis.

Abstract: An automated striking and blocking trainer is disclosed. In some embodiments, the trainer includes the following: a frame; a striking body joined with the frame, the punching bag including one or more strike zone assemblies, the strike zone assemblies each having a light indicator and a striking force sensor; an arm assembly joined with the frame, the arm assembly including one or more arms, each of the one or more arms including a voltage differential sensor and a motion indicator in the form of an electrical motor, wherein the voltage differential between the power being used by the electrical motor when the one or more arms are not struck and when the one or more arms are struck is used to determine a torque of the one or more arms and an input force of a blocking strike; and a head assembly including a processor unit and a display.

Abstract: The micropolarizing equipment of the present invention consists in a pair of capillary tubes of black glass or glass with a black outer coating which fit into sockets in three prisms, the first being a 45.degree. prism over the central aperture of the microscope stage which reflects the plane polarized beam at right angles through one of the capillary tubes; a second prism, which is double, reflects light emerging from the first capillary tube at right angles up to a second 45.degree. prism into which the second capillary tube is mounted in a socket and is parallel to the first capillary tube. The third prism receives the other end of the second capillary tube in a socket and reflects the light up into the objective of the microscope.