Abstract: Portable hand-held pupillometers for characterizing a subject's pupil which are operated by a user. The hand-held pupillometer comprise optical units for dynamically imaging the subject's pupil, and centering units interfaced and operated by the user for centering the subject's pupil on the optical unit in preparation for imaging the subject's pupil. The hand-held pupillometers taught herein allow a user of the system to accurately and efficiently obtain an image of the subject's pupil which may be particularly useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The centering unit may also be used to display messages or pupil size and dynamic response data to the user in an easily read and useable format.

Abstract: Pupillometers with semi-passive targets. The semi-passive targets allow a user of the pupillometer to center the user's pupil on an optically sensitive element in the pupillometer to characterize the pupil. Preferably, a set of centering diodes is disposed on a familiar, easily recognized target which is activated by the optico-electronic means to give the user an indication when the pupil has been centered on the optically sensitive element and that the user has centered the pupil on the defined portion of the passive target.

Abstract: Portable hand-held pupillometers for characterizing a subject's pupil which are operated by a user. The hand-held pupillometer comprise optical units for dynamically imaging the subject's pupil, and centering units interfaced and operated by the user for centering the subject's pupil on the optical unit in preparation for imaging the subject's pupil. The hand-held pupillometers taught herein allow a user of the system to accurately and efficiently obtain an image of the subject's pupil which may be particularly useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The centering unit may also be used to display messages or pupil size and dynamic response data to the user in an easily read and useable format.

Abstract: Portable, scanning, self-measuring pupillometers. With pupillometers described herein, cost effective and accurate central nervous system impairment can be quickly determined, thereby reducing worker inefficiency and improving safety. The pupillometers comprise eye orbit housings for positioning at least one eye orbit for scanning by the pupillometer, radiating diodes interfaced with the housings for irradiating at least one eye with scanning radiation, sensing elements adapted to receive reflected radiation from the eye irradiated by the radiating diodes, the sensing elements being further adapted to respond to a contrast between radiation reflected from the iris of the eye and radiation reflected from the pupil of the eye, and centering elements interfaced with the sensing elements for presenting an image of the pupil to a subject on the sensing elements so that the subject can center the image of the pupil on the sensing elements.