Abstract: A process for fractionating the whole wheat kernel into its gluten, starch and bran-germ components including the steps of tempering the whole wheat kernel in water to increase its moisture content, flaking the tempered wheat kernel, disintegrating the flakes to a particle size range such that 20% to 90% of the particles will be retained on a 30 mesh U.S. Standard screen and in a manner that the resulting bran-germ particles are larger than the resulting endosperm particles, hydrating and agitating the kernel particles to just saturate them and to form a thick, dough-like mass and subjecting the mass to tumbling and/or manipulation together with water washing to separate and recover the gluten, starch and bran-germ components of the kernel.

Abstract: A process for fractionating the whole wheat kernel into it gluten, starch and bran-germ components including the steps of tempering the whole wheat kernel in water to increase its moisture content, flaking the tempered wheat kernel, disintegrating the flakes to a particle size range such that 25-75% of the particles will be retained on a 50 mesh screen and in a manner that the resulting bran-germ particles are larger than the resulting endosperm particles, hydrating and agitating the kernel particles to just saturate them and to form a thick, dough-like mass and subjecting the mass to tumbling and/or manipulation together with water washing to separate and recover the gluten, starch and bran-germ components of the kernel.

Abstract: A process for fractionating the whole wheat kernel into its gluten, starch and bran-germ components including the steps of tempering the whole wheat kernel in water to increase its moisture content, milling the tempered kernel to reduce the particle sizes of the kernel components, forming a homogeneous slurry of the particles and water, the wheat to water ratio of the slurry being in the range 1:3 to 1:10, by weight, vigorously admixing the slurry to achieve uniform dispersion of the particles in the water, applying centrifugal forces to the slurry to cause it to separate into its gluten, starch and water phases, separating the gluten and starch phases and purifying them by conventional techniques to recover gluten, starch and bran-germ in very high yield fractions.

Abstract: Improved liquid smoke compositions which do not form undesirable solids during use or storage can be prepared by admixing a natural liquid smoke solution including constituent phenols, carbonyls and acids, an acidulating agent in addition to the constituent acids and a solubilizing agent, the quantities of the acidulating and solubilizing agents varying with the concentrations of phenols and carbonyls, respectively, in the natural liquid smoke solution. For presently known, commercially available liquid smoke solutions, the compositions comprise about 1.5-3% by weight acidulant and 3-8% by weight solubilizing agent, all percentages being stated by weight of the composition.

Abstract: A process for fractionating the whole wheat kernel into its bran, germ and endosperm components includes the steps of tempering the wheat kernel in water, pin milling the wheat kernel, sifting the milled kernal to separate the germ and bran components from the endosperm, hydrating and agitating the endosperm to just saturate it and to form a thick, dough-like mass and mechanically working, by kneading, cutting and stretching, the dough-like mass while continuously washing it with water to separate the non-gluten endosperm components from the gluten. The bran and germ components can be separated from each other by conventional gravity table techniques.

Abstract: A process for preparing substantially salt-free, sugar-based flavor enhancers comprises hydrolyzing protein in hydrochloric acid; liquefying starch, preferably with alpha-amylase; and admixing the hydrolyzed protein, the liquefied starch and an enzyme selected from amyloglucosidase and .beta.-D glucoside glucohydrolyase at a pH in the range 3.5 to 5, preferably 3.5 to 4.0, and a temperature in the range 40.degree. to 75.degree.C, preferably 60.degree.C, whereby the enzyme and the liquefied starch react in situ to produce reducing sugars which in turn react with the hydrolyzed protein to form the substantially salt-free, sugar-based protein hydrolyzates.