Abstract: A composite multilayer material is described which exhibits relatively high wear and delamination resistance without impairment of the coefficient of friction in the presence of oil. The composite multilayer material contains at least one powder-form polyaramid in its overlay, the content of PTFE or of PTFE together with the other fluorothermoplastics which form the matrix material amounting to 55-90 vol. %, the content of further fillers amounting to 9.5-44.5 vol. % and the content of polyaramid amounting to 0.5-10 vol. %.

Abstract: A process for the production of sliding elements in which an overlay of lead-tin-copper is applied by electroplating to the prefabricated semi-finished product, and in which a ternary, fluoroborate-free electroplating bath is used without brighteners and with the addition of non-ionic wetting agents and free alkyl sulfonic acid. After the deposition of the galvanic overlay a heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 150° C. to 200° C. for between 1 and 100 hours. The multilayer material for sliding elements comprises at least a backing and an overlay of 12 to 16 wt. % tin and 7 to 11 wt. % copper, the rest being lead. The overlay comprises 15 to 25 wt. % particles of intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5.

Abstract: A half bearing has a backing member and at least one metallic overlay, which is applied by electron beam vapour deposition and which comprises at least one finely dispersed component in a matrix material, the atomic weight of which component is greater than that of the matrix material, wherein the concentration of the finely dispersed component (7) decreases continuously from the apex area (8) of the half bearing (1) towards the area (9) of the partial surfaces. The method is characterised in that, during the coating process, an inert gas pressure of 0.1 to 5 Pa is set in the apex area of the bearing shell.

Abstract: A lead-free multilayer material for plain bearings and a process for the production of corresponding bearing shells for improved emergency running and mechanical load-carrying capacity characteristics. The multilayer bearing material comprises a lead-free copper alloy having a copper content ranging from 50 to 95 wt. %, and an overlay formed of a lead-free tin and copper having a tin content ranging from 70 to 97 wt. % and a copper content ranging from 3 to 20 wt. %.

Abstract: A method for producing flanged bearings is described in which the blank (10) is punched out, forming at least two extension and holding portions (9, 9′), by means of which the blank (10) remains connected with the strip or the neighbouring blank during shaping. The flanged bearing is separated from the extension and holding portions (9, 9′) once shaping is complete. A device for shaping blanks is also described, which comprises a die and a die barrel, as well as on each side a slide displaceable for the purpose of forming the flange.

Abstract: A bearing bush that can be installed without any auxiliary components and ensures a secure fit has a backing which comprises at least one layer, an overlay (4), on its inner surface and at least one flange (6, 6a, 6b) in the form of a circumferential closed bead provided at a distance from the bush ends. The bearing bush is suitable, inter alia, for flexible joints and pedal bearing systems. The method of producing such a bush takes as its starting point a prefabricated bearing bush (1), the inner surface of the backing (3) of which is exposed in at least one area (5, 5a, 5b) spaced from the bush ends. An internal mandrel is inserted into the bearing bush (1) and the bearing bush is held around its outer surface, at least one gap (23) being left opposite to the exposed area (5, 5a, 5b). The bearing bush is then compressed in the axial direction, the material is thereby displaced into the gap (23, 23′) to form the flange (6).

Abstract: A composite multilayer material and a method for the production thereof are described which are suitable for bearing points subject to mixed friction, said material being corrosion-resistant and cold-formable and capable of withstanding extremely high loads. According to the method, the backing material is preheated to a temperature of 1000° C. to 1100° C., a heterogeneously developing, lead-free copper-zinc- or copper-aluminum-based bearing alloy at a temperature of from 1000° C. to 1250° C. is cast thereon, and the composite multilayer material is cooled from the casting temperature of the bearing alloy to 100° C. within 2 to 4 minutes. A metallurgical bond zone (2) is present between the bearing alloy (3) and the backing material (1), which metallurgical bond zone (2) comprises 80-95% iron and the usual impurities, the rest being copper, and is crystallised in cubic form.

Abstract: A plain bearing overlay (3) of which exhibits properties which are markedly improved with regard to wear resistance in comparison with overlays applied by electroplating and conventional electron beam vapor deposition methods. The surface of the overlay (3) comprises round raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6), wherein, in relation to the horizontal section plane (7), the raised portions (4) cover a proportion of the surface area amounting to 30% to 50%, based on the entire surface area of the plain bearing, the section plane (7) being at a height at which the total proportion of the surface area consisting of the raised portions (4), and obtained in vertical section, is equal to the total corresponding proportion consisting of the depressed portions (6). The round raised portions exhibit a diameter D of 3 to 8 &mgr;m, in plan view, wherein, in the case of raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6) which in plan view are not circular, this value relates to the maximum diameter.

Abstract: A plain bearing is described, the overlay (3) of which exhibits properties which are markedly improved with regard to wear resistance in comparison with overlays applied by electroplating and conventional electron beam vapor deposition methods. The surface of the overlay (3) comprises round raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6), wherein, in relation to the horizontal section plane (7), the raised portions (4) cover a proportion of the surface area amounting to 30% to 50%, based on the entire surface area of the plain bearing, the section plane (7) being at a height at which the total proportion of the surface area consisting of the raised portions (4), and obtained in vertical section, is equal to the total corresponding proportion consisting of the depressed portions (6). The round raised portions exhibit a diameter D of 3 to 8 .mu.m, in plan view, wherein, in the case of raised portions (4) and depressed portions (6) which in plan view are not circular, this value relates to the maximum diameter.

Abstract: A half bearing has a backing member and at least one metallic overlay, which is applied by electron beam vapor deposition and which comprises at least one finely dispersed component in a matrix material, the atomic weight of which component is greater than that of the matrix material, wherein the concentration of the finely dispersed component (7) decreases continuously from the apex area (8) of the half bearing (1) towards the area (9) of the partial surfaces. The method is characterized in that, during the coating process, an inert gas pressure of 0.1 to 5 Pa is set in the apex area of the bearing shell.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described, whose overlay exhibits improved hardness and improved wear-resistance. The multilayer material includes an overlay, which contains 8-18.5 wt. % tin and 2-16 wt. % copper, the balance being lead, wherein the tin is present as a finely crystalline deposit completely homogeneously distributed in the lead. A process for producing sliding elements in which the overlay of lead-tin-copper is applied to the prefabricated semi-finished product by electroplating provides that a ternary, fluoroborate-free electroplating bath is used without brighteners and with the addition of fatty acid polyglycol ester and a grain refining agent including a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A self-lubricating bearing material is described, as well as a plain bearing of such a bearing material, the performance of which, under lubricant-free conditions, is so markedly improved that pv values of up to 6 MPa/m/s are achieved in an average load and speed range. The self-lubricating bearing material comprises a PTFE-containing polymer matrix with fillers comprising PbO and at least one metal fluoride. The PbO content is from 15-55 vol. % and the metal fluoride content is from 0.1-14 vol. %. Preferred metal fluorides are CaF.sub.2, PbF.sub.2 and MgF.sub.2. The addition of further fillers such as hard materials, pigments or fibrous material is possible. The proportion of further additives may amount to up to 40 vol. % of the PbO/metal fluoride fillers.

Abstract: A multilayer material is described, whose overlay exhibits improved hardness and improved wear-resistance. The multilayer material includes an overlay, which contains 8-18.5 wt. % tin and 2-16 wt. % copper, the balance being lead, wherein the tin is present as a finely crystalline deposit completely homogeneously distributed in the lead. A process for producing sliding elements in which the overlay of lead-tin-copper is applied to the prefabricated semi-finished product by electroplating provides that a ternary, fluoroborate-free electroplating bath is used without brighteners and with the addition of fatty acid polyglycol ester and a grain refining agent including a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A curved sliding element for a plain bearing and a method of producing same. The sliding element includes a generally semi-circular backing member having a central apex and a concave surface. At least one, and preferably two, intermediate layers are applied to the concave surface of the backing member. A dispersion alloy overlay is applied to the exposed intermediate layer using an electron beam vaporizer. The electron beam vaporizer evenly deposits the dispersion alloy over an angular segment, approximately 70.degree. on either side of the apex, in a such controlled manner that the thickness of the overlay deviates less than 15% across the entire angular segment. The vaporizer is moved during the overlay deposition in a linear path relative to the backing member while maintaining the distance from the linear path of the vaporizer to the apex between 150 to 350 mm.

Abstract: A metallic backing layer such as steel covered by a functional layer of AlSn, AlPb, CuPb, CuSn or CuZn, applied by spraying in air, and a softer covering layer applied to the functional layer by chemical or electrolytic deposition exhibits improved corrosion resistance, running-in behavior and conformability.